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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Babbitt, Kimberly J and Tanner, George W. 1997. Effects of Cover and Predator Identity on Predation of Hyla squirella Tadpoles. Journal of Herpetology 31: 128-130.

Babbitt, Kimberly and Baber, Matthew. 2004. Influence of Habitat Complexity on Predator-Prey Interactions between the Fish (Gambusia holbrooki) and Tadpoles of Hyla squirella and Gastrophryne carolinensis. Copeia 1: 173-177.

Quick, David. 2005. Invasive predator here from florida, but can it survive lowcountry winters? The Post and Courier: E1.

Baber, M.J. and K.J. Babbitt. 2003. The relative impacts of native and introduced predatory fish on a temporary wetland tadpole assemblage. Oecologia 136:289-285.

Knight, C.M., Paris, M.J. and W.H.N. Gutzuke. 2009. Influence of priority effects and pond location on invaded larval amphibian communities. Biol. Invasions 11:1033-1044.

Davidson, Micharl Scot. 2014. Invasive Frogs are spreading in Florida. Sarasota Herald Tribune: BNV1.

Lannoo, M. 2017. Hyla Squirella.

OUTLINE

Babbitt, Kimberly J and Tanner, George W. 1997. Effects of Cover and Predator Identity on Predation of Hyla squirella Tadpoles. Journal of Herpetology 31: 128-130. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1565342

x Hyla squirella tadpoles are active foragers even around insect predators - better survival in higher density vegetation

x tadpoles have rapid growth and development - helps increase likelihood of survival from insect predators

Babbitt, Kimberly and Baber, Matthew. 2004. Influence of Habitat Complexity on Predator-Prey Interactions between the Fish (Gambusia holbrooki) and Tadpoles of Hyla squirella and Gastrophryne carolinensis. Copeia 1: 173-177. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1448653?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

x Gambusia holbrooki - capable of hunting and consuming hyla squirella tadpoles in heavy vegetation

x tadpoles are slightly less vulnerable in heavier vegetation

Quick, David. 2005. Invasive predator here from florida, but can it survive lowcountry winters? The Post and Courier: E1. https://search.proquest.com/docview/374016644?accountid=40177

- Cuban tree frog - threat to squirrel tree frogs (larger size, able to survive different temps)

Baber, M.J. and K.J. Babbitt. 2003. The relative impacts of native and introduced predatory fish on a temporary wetland tadpole assemblage. Oecologia 136:289-285. PDF

x highly active species - forages throughout the water column

x tadpoles are vulnerable to multiple kinds of fish because of high activity

Knight, C.M., Paris, M.J. and W.H.N. Gutzuke. 2009. Influence of priority effects and pond location on invaded larval amphibian communities. Biol. Invasions 11:1033-1044. PDF

x found in both open- and deep-forested wetlands

- survival is lower when reared alongside Cuban tree frogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis) vs when reared alone

- no predation of tadpoles observed

Davidson, Micharl Scot. 2014. Invasive Frogs are spreading in Florida. Sarasota Herald Tribune: BNV1. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1553529110/A502C5DD98444E15PQ/19?accountid=40177

- Cuban tree frogs - eat smaller native frogs i.e. Hyla squirella

- studies show that as the Cuban tree frog population increases, squirrel tree frog population decreases

ROUGH DRAFT

Conservation

Hyla squirella are active foragers, even when they are around insect predators. They can be found in both open- and deep-forested wetlands, but have better rates of survival in bodies of water with higher density vegetation. Due to their high activity, Hyla squirella tadpoles are vulnerable to multiple species of fish, and the frogs are vulnerable to the non-native Cuban tree frog.

Because of their rapid growth and development, the tadpoles are more likely to survive insect predators. There are multiple species of fish, including Gambusia holbrooki, that are capable of hunting and consuming squirrel tree frog tadpoles in higher density vegetation. They are a highly active species that forages throughout the water column, and as a result the tadpoles are vulnerable to many species of fish.

The Cuban tree frog is known to eat smaller native frogs including the squirrel tree frog. As the population of the Cuban tree frog increases in Florida, the native squirrel tree frog population decreases. When they are reared alongside Cuban tree frogs, squirrel tree frogs have a lower survival rate than when they are reared alone; however, the Cuban tree frog do not appear to be a threat to the squirrel tree frog tadpoles.

While the squirrel tree frog population has decreased in some urbanized areas, they are found to be abundant in some areas of Augusta, Georgia and Tampa, Florida. The squirrel tree frog crosses roads at night after rains, but the overall effect of traffic on the population is unknown. The squirrel tree frog has a large population and an ability to adapt to disturbances in its habitat; as a result, there are few concerns about its conservational status.