User:Sarahg527/sandbox

Paragraph: This helps you set the style of the text. For example, a header, or plain paragraph text. You can also use it to offset block quotes.

A : Highlight your text, then click here to format it with bold, italics, etc. The "More" options allows you to underline, add code snippets, and change language keyboards.

Links: The chain button allows you to link your text. Highlight the word, and push the button. VisualEditor will automatically suggest related Wikipedia articles for that word or phrase. This is a great way to connect your article to more Wikipedia content. You only have to link important words once, usually during the first time they appear. If you want to link to pages outside of Wikipedia (for an "external links" section, for example) click on the "External link" tab.

Cite: The citation tool in VisualEditor helps format your citations. You can simply paste a DOI or URL, and the VisualEditor will try to sort out all of the fields you need. Be sure to review it, however, and apply missing fields manually (if you know them). You can also add books, journals, news, and websites manually. That opens up a quick guide for inputting your citations. Finally, you can click the "re-use" tab if you've already added a source and just want to cite it again.

Bullets: To add bullet points or a numbered list, click here.

Insert: This tab lets you add media, images, or tables.

Ω The final tab allows you to add special characters, such as those found in non-English words, scientific notation, and a handful of language extensions.

I am using sandbox to practice making edits. The Wikipedia training has been created as a helpful tool for this.

Helong

This language has become endangered as a result of its native speakers marrying those who do not speak Helong, and as a result of coming in contact with the outside community.[1]

The Language of Parya

1)     http://www-01.sil.org/silesr/2010/silesr2010-014.Pdf
 * Mainly live in Tajikistan (also Uzbekistan and Afghanistan) – 4 (used)


 * No more than 7,500 speakers (need 100,000 to not be at threat of extinction) – 4 (used)

2) https://www.ethnologue.com/language/paq 3) http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4943 4) https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/14324/TI 5) http://globalrecordings.net/en/language/15511 6) http://dhcp-128-171-46-84.its.hawaii.edu/lang/4943?hl=en 7) https://books.google.com/books?id=6p6b5GQ4Q4YC&pg=PA238&lpg=PA238&dq=parya+endangered+language&source=bl&ots=qhtwoBGYIw&sig=zNwppxQNNx9_CyRqwAqFsbEmc00&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlqJH_tszSAhUW7WMKHfMJAAwQ6AEIMjAE#v=onepage&q=parya%20endangered%20language&f=false 8) http://chartsbin.com/view/1339 9) https://books.google.com/books?id=kFVthqmDs_kC&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=parya+endangered+language&source=bl&ots=6CtjO3kOJ0&sig=mvozyzlVisx_ya3gn905IiJ5Tok&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlqJH_tszSAhUW7WMKHfMJAAwQ6AEIQDAH#v=onepage&q=parya%20endangered%20language&f=false 10) http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/29986863/Clifton_CLS_2010_Final_Paper.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1489170799&Signature=kIw%2Fh1dzvLlvtKjkkPqxuf6VGPs%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DStable_Multilingualism_in_Tajikstan.pdf
 * Many speakers are bilingual in dominant languages of those surrounding them – 4 (used)
 * Unclassified language in the Indo-Aryan branch of  Indo-Iranian – 5 (used)
 * Tajikistan: largest Parya villages are Afghonobod, Qalai Hisor, Pravda Vostok, Boloi Kanal, and Kolkhozi Leninism – 5
 * other names: Afghana-Yi Nasfurush, Afghana-Yi Siyarui, Changgars, Laghmani, Pbharya (used)
 * Uzbek and Tajik men marrying Parya women tend to learn the language and assimilate (used)
 * classifications: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central Zone (used)
 * main dialect: Marwari, which is related to Punjabi, which is related to an Afghanistan dialect (used)
 * many Parya people are farmers, primarily growing rice (used)
 * mostly Sunni Muslims (used)
 * there are no other similar languages to Parya (not with the same ISO language code) (used)
 * Parya is mostly only spoken with ones familiy and relations, and almost always in the home of native speakers (used)
 * Parya community is estimiated to be around 3,000 as of right now - 238 (used)
 * Parya is severely endangered, meaning the language is mainly spoken by the older generations, understood by the middle generations, but not really used with the youngest generation (used)
 * many Parya speakers are bilingual, but the Tajik language is making its way into the Parya language - 44 (used)
 * the language is not officially recognized and isn't used in schools - 5 (used)

= Parya =

Classification and Geography
Parya is a language that is very close to becoming extinct. It is classified under Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, and the Central Zone but is unclassified within the Indo-Aryan branch of Indo-Iranian. The language may also be referred to as Afgana-Yi Nasfurush, Afghana-Yi Siyarui, Changgars, Laghmani, or Pbharya, but there are no other similar languages with the same ISO number, which is the code used to identify languages around the world. The main dialect of Parya is Marwari. Marwari is related to Punjabi which is related to the Afghanistan dialect. The largest Parya villages in Tajikistan are the villages of Afghonobod, Qalai Hisor, Pravda Vostok, Boloi Kanal, and Kolkhozi Leninism.

Endangerment of the Language
In order for a language to not be recognized as at threat of extinction, it needs at least 100,000 speakers. Unfortunately, Parya is not anywhere close to this. Depending on what source one refers to, there are anywhere from about 3,000 to 7,500 speakers left. The language is not even officially recognized or used in schools. With numbers so low, the language is categorized as severely endangered. This means it is mainly spoken by older generations, it is understood younger generations, but the youngest generations don't really use it at all.

The Speakers of Parya and its History
To give a little more background on those who use the language, many of those who speak the Parya language Sunni Muslims, and many of them are farmers, and more specifically, primarily rice farmers. Many of the people live in Tajikistan, but some also live in Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. Since the language is so endangered and not many people know it, those who do speak it tend to be bilingual in the dominant languages surrounding them, however, when Uzbek and Tajik men marry Parya women, they tend to learn the language and assimilate. Although many are bilingual, the Tajik language has been found to be making its way into the Parya language. The language is mostly spoken with ones family and relations, and it is almost always spoken in the homes of native speakers.