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Domestic Service in Quebec
Domestic service in Quebec was apart of Canada's immigrant labor force, i.e, Farmers, agricultural workers, domestic "servants", and car-porters. Established in the early 19th century, on the basis of catering to private affairs within the domestic sphere. Domestic Service women lived in the homes of their employers and were supervised by housewives/ mistresses.

What is Domestic Service?
Domestic Service refers to an occupation from most popular from the16th century to 20th century, that entailed laborious duties within households. General tasks such as cooking, cleaning, caregiving, housekeeping and running errands, etc.

Where were Domestic Service Workers From?
75 percent of Domestic service workers were immigrants from the British Isles and Guadaloupe who pursued the service industry in Canadian provinces (most notably Quebec city ) based on expectations of establishing belonging, livelihood and citizenship.

Who were Domestic Workers
Black immigrant women and Indigenous women, age 17-35 accounted for 63% of domestic service positions. Social ideologies and methodologies, perpetuated social marginalization and intersectionality by linking femininity and domesticity, and non-white races with labor. This inter-categorical complexity limited employment for Black and Indigenous women to service work consistent with exploitation, low wages, absent privileges and familial separation.

Domestic Service as a Branch of Enslavement
Following the abolition of enslavement in BNA in 1833, Domestic enslaved persons, had their titles merely transitioned to contracted "apprentices", to enable the continuation of servitude. Quebec and several other provinces limited admissibility of non-white immigrants, through legislative interposition.

Important Figures & Organizations
Marie-Joseph Angélique

Oscar Peterson

The Coloured Women's Club of Montreal (CWC)

The Union United Church (Quebec,1907)

Negro Community Centre (Quebec, 1928)

The Canadian Negro Women's Association

Pertinent Legislation
Raudot Ordinance of 1709

Immigration Act of 1910

The West Indian Domestic Scheme (1955-1967)