User:Sasawat/K10

AMD K10 is AMD's tenth-generation microarchitecture. It is the successor of AMD K8. AMD K10 includes Athlon X2, Athlon II, Phenom, Phenom II, and Opteron microprocessors. It is AMD's second 64 bit microarchitecture. The Phenom and Athlon processors compete with Intel Core 2 and Intel Core i7/5/3. The Opteron processors compete with Intel Xeon. AMD K10 processors have been produced for sockets AM2+, AM3, and F.

Background
In 2003, AMD outlined the features for upcoming generations of microprocessors after K8 family of processors in various events and analyst meetings, including the Microprocessor Forum 2003. The first K10 based processor launched was the Barcelona Opterons on September 10, 2007. The first consumer K10 microprocessor was the Phenom, launched on November 19, 2007.

Features
AMD introduced the microprocessors manufactured at 65 nm feature width using Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, since the release of K10 coincides with the volume ramp of this manufacturing process. The servers were produced for Socket F(1207) or later 1207-pin socket infrastructure, the only server socket on AMD's near-term roadmap; the desktop parts first came on Socket AM2+ and were backwards compatible to AM2. Later, after shifting to 45 nm consumer CPU's were released on Socket AM3 with backward compatibility to AM2+ and AM2.

The first K10 based processors used DDR2 memory. DDR3 support was added in socket AM3 chips.

Opteron
Opterons are targeted at servers. Opteron cores based on K10 include Barcelona, Shanghai, and Istanbul.

Phenom
AMD Phenoms were the first AMD quad core processors targeted at consumers. Chip harvesting was used to produce the Phenom X3 series with one disabled core.

Athlon
Kuma Athlons are Phenoms with 2 disabled cores.

Phenom II
Phenom II is AMD's first 45nm consumer part. Originally released for Socket AM2+ with Phenom II X4 940 and 920 processors, all later models are for Socket AM3. X3 and X2 version are made by Chip Harvesting Black Edition Phenom II's have an unlocked multiplier and have been overclocked to more than 7GHz.

Athlon II
Athlon II's are like Phenom II's but with no L3 cache. Athlon II X3's are made by chip harvesting but not the X2 version. AMD has confirmed that some Athlon II's will be Phenom II's with disabled L3 cache.

Opteron (65 nm SOI)

 * Quad-core &mdash; Barcelona (23yy, 83yy), Budapest (13yy)
 * CPU-Steppings: BA, B3
 * L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KB (Data + Instructions) per core
 * L2-Cache: 512 KB, fullspeed per core
 * L3-Cache: 2048 KB, shared
 * MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, AMD64, SSE4a
 * Socket F, Socket AM2+, HyperTransport 3.0 (1.6 GHz-2.0 GHz)
 * Registered DDR2 SDRAM required, ECC possible
 * VCore: 1.2 V
 * Max Power (TDP): ?
 * NX Bit
 * AMD-V Virtualization
 * Split power plane dynamic power management
 * First Release: September 10, 2007
 * Clockrate: 1700–2500 MHz

Opteron (45 nm SOI)

 * Quad-core &mdash; Shanghai


 * CPU-Steppings: C2
 * L3-Cache: 6 MB, shared
 * Clockrate: 2300–2900 MHz
 * HyperTransport 1.0, 3.0
 * 20% reduction in idle power consumption
 * support for DDR2 800MHz memory

Opteron (45 nm SOI)

 * Six-core &mdash; Istanbul

The newest and fastest Opteron processors available, released 1 June 2009.


 * CPU-Steppings: ??
 * L3-Cache: 6 MB, shared
 * Clockrate: 2200–2800 MHz
 * HyperTransport 3.0
 * HT–Assist
 * support for DDR2 800MHz memory

Agena (65 nm SOI)

 * Four AMD K10 cores
 * L1 cache: 64 KB + 64 KB (data + instructions) per core
 * L2 cache: 512 KB per core, full-speed
 * L3 cache: 2 MB shared between all cores
 * Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz with unganging option
 * MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
 * Socket AM2+, HyperTransport with 1600 to 2000 MHz
 * Power consumption (TDP): 65, 95, 125 and 140 Watt
 * First release
 * November 19, 2007 (B2 Stepping)
 * March 27, 2008 (B3 Stepping)
 * Clock rate: 1800 to 2600 MHz
 * Models: Phenom X4 9100e to 9950

Toliman (65 nm SOI)

 * Three AMD K10 cores
 * L1 cache: 64 KB data and 64 KB instruction cache per core
 * L2 cache: 512 KB per core, full-speed
 * L3 cache: 2 MB shared between all cores
 * Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz with unganging option
 * MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
 * Socket AM2+, HyperTransport with 1600 to 1800 MHz
 * Power consumption (TDP): 65 and 95 Watt
 * First release
 * March 27, 2008 (B2 Stepping)
 * April 23, 2008 (B3 Stepping)
 * Clock rate: 2100 to 2500 MHz
 * Models: Phenom X3 8250e to 8850

Kuma (65nm SOI)

 * AMD K10 Microarchitecture
 * CPU-Stepping: B3
 * L1-Cache: 64 + 64KB (Data + Instructions), per core
 * L2-Cache: 512 KB fullspeed, per core
 * L3-Cache: 2MB (shared)
 * MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, Enhanced 3DNow!, NX bit, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, AMD-V
 * Socket AM2+, HyperTransport (1800 MHz, HT3.0)
 * VCore: 1.05V - 1.25V
 * Die Size: 288 mm²
 * Power Consumption: (TDP): 95 Watt
 * First Release: December 15, 2008
 * Clockrate: 2300 - 2800 MHz
 * 6500BE: 2300 MHz
 * 7450: 2400 MHz
 * 7550: 2500 MHz
 * 7750BE: 2700 MHz
 * 7850BE: 2800 MHz

Deneb (45 nm SOI with Immersion Lithography)

 * Four AMD K10 cores
 * L1 cache: 64 kB + 64 kB (data + instructions) per core
 * L2 cache: 512 kB per core, full-speed
 * L3 cache: 6 MB shared between all cores. The 800 series have 2 MB of its L3 Cache disabled due to defects.
 * Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
 * MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
 * Socket AM2+, Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 1800 to 2000 MHz
 * Power consumption (TDP): 65, 95, 125 and 140 Watt
 * First release
 * 8 January 2009 (C2 Stepping)
 * Clock rate: 2500 to 3400 MHz
 * Models: Phenom II X4 805 to 965

Heka (45 nm SOI with Immersion Lithography)

 * Three AMD K10 cores using chip harvesting technique, with one core disabled
 * L1 cache: 64 kB + 64 kB (data + instructions) per core
 * L2 cache: 512 kB per core, full-speed
 * L3 cache: 6 MB shared between all cores
 * Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
 * MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
 * Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 2000 MHz
 * Power consumption (TDP): 65 and 95 Watt
 * First release
 * 9 February 2009 (C2 Stepping)
 * Clock rate: 2500 to 2800 MHz
 * Models: Phenom II X3 705e to 720

Callisto (45 nm SOI with Immersion Lithography)

 * Two AMD K10 cores using chip harvesting technique, with two cores disabled
 * L1 cache: 64 kB + 64 kB (data + instructions) per core
 * L2 cache: 512 kB per core, full-speed
 * L3 cache: 6 MB shared between all cores
 * Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
 * MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
 * Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 2000 MHz
 * Power consumption (TDP): 80 Watt
 * First release
 * 1 June 2009 (C2 Stepping)
 * Clock rate: 3000 to 3100 MHz
 * Models: Phenom II X2 545 to 550

Regor (45 nm SOI with Immersion Lithography)

 * Two AMD K10 cores
 * L1 cache: 64 kB + 64 kB (data + instructions) per core
 * L2 cache: 1024 kB per core, full-speed
 * Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
 * MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
 * Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 2000 MHz
 * Power consumption (TDP): 65 Watt
 * First release
 * June 2009 (C2 Stepping)
 * Clock rate: 2800 - 3000 MHz
 * Models: Athlon II X2 240 - 250

Propus (45 nm SOI with Immersion Lithography)

 * Four AMD K10 cores
 * L1 cache: 64 kB + 64 kB (data + instructions) per core
 * L2 cache: 512 kB per core, full-speed
 * Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
 * MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
 * Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 2000 MHz
 * Power consumption (TDP): 45 Watt or 95 Watt
 * First release
 * September 2009 (C2 Stepping)
 * Clock rate: 2200 - 2800 MHz
 * Models: Athlon II X4 600e, 605e, 620, 630, 635