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SHUSHRUTHA PIONEER OF EMBRYOLOGICAL STUDY
We all know the fact that now a days medical science has  achieved   lot of mile stones with the  help of technology and human brain  now we advanced medicines  ,surgical tools and methods  but every advanced technology has evolved from the basic principles and techniques  .Ancient   Indians  especially the from the Vedic period scientifically sound and   aware. Indians invented the techniques and the tools for surgery .Vedic  period  study of surgery was called as  SHALYA SHASTRA .Pioneer of this  study and practice was Shushrutha  he was the author of the book  SHUSHRUTHA SAMHITA  which is considered as one of the comprehensive textbook on ancient  surgery in this book he mentioned various  illness cures and  plants  for cure along with complex  process  of plastic surgery.

Shushrutha in his Shushrutha samhita wrote about Embryology .He mentioned about gametes which shows he was scientifically sound and way ahead of his  time

ANOTOMICAL STUDY
Shushrutha was the pioneer person to start the anatomical study he divided human body in to three parts 1. Superficial structure 2. Internal structure 3. Deeper structure. He innumerate70 veins and 24 main arteries. The process of his anatomical study was difficult he used dead bodies which were taken from the banks of ganga river. He use to dissect it and teach anatomy to his disciples. At that time this process was disapproved by the society.

One of the main achievements of Shushrutha was plastic surgery he found the methods of reconstruction several parts of human body like Nose, Ear and Lips. Plastic surgery of Shushrutha can be divided in two parts. He discovered 15 types of Ear surgery and several methods of Nose and Lips surgery

1] Principles of plastic surgery 2] Practice of plastic surgery  : Some of his principles tell that “Plastic surgery is relationship between flesh and blood. If there is a lack or excess of blood the graft will not survive.” While describing about the blood system he writes “blood is origin of body, the body totally depends upon it, hence every attempt must be made to preserve it.”

SUGICAL TOOLS:-
Shushrutha`s surgical tools were greatly inspired by the nature. Some of its examples are   his forceps discovered by him which were similar to the mouth parts of animals and birds. Makara mukha swastika – Crocodile faced forceps Simha mukha swastika - Lion faced forceps Ulu mukha swastika – Owl faced forceps He discovered needles for post-surgical process like suturing process. Types of needles 1] Vritta – Round body needle 2]Triyastra – Triangular cutting needle 3] Dhanurvakra – curved body needle. 4] Nigudapasha – Atraumatic needle [blunt pointed curved needle which causes minimum tissue damage] Material used for suturing process 1] Plant fibers 2] Silk 3] Horse tail hairs 4] Ant head as clip

Shushrutha also discovered medicines and oils for scar management and pigmentation and restoration process.

CONCLUSSION:-
Shushrutha was indeed a way ahead of his time. While in other country there was just beginning of medical science. Shushrutha became well-known medical practitioner. His book was also translated in other languages like Arabic and Greek. The reason of his discoveries was the concerned to words mankind. We as Indian should be proud of our ancestors who were scientifically sound and aware.