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Research on "Assessment of awareness among Katkari trbals of Shahapur Taluka about Govt schemes and programs" by Shubhada Khedkar

Completed in the year: 2006

INTRODUCTION The main aim of this study is to assess the impact of the Schemes and Programmes implemented by the Government of Maharashtra in 5 hamlets of Shahapur Taluka in Thane District for the upliftment of tribals (Katkaris).

2.1 Objectives 1.	To study the general socio- economic condition of Katkaris of Shahapur Taluka. 2.	To study number of schemes & programmes implemented in Shahapur Taluka 3.	To assess the awareness regarding schemes & programmes 4.	To assess impact of programmes & schemes for the upliftment of people of Shahapur Taluka 5.	To assess the contribution of various institution like Panchayat, NGO’s in the implementation of the programmes for the upliftment of tribal community of Shahapur Taluka

2.2 Rationale of the Study Several types of development and welfare programmes are operating in the tribal areas of India. Many of these programmes are reported to have failed to crate any impression or impact on the people and led to failure and frustrations. The basic needs of tribal people are limited to food, cloth, house and health. Instead of wide dispersal of the development and welfare programmes to a number of fields, if any are confined to the above and concerned efforts made to excuse them properly, these needs can be met effectively.

It is understood that plans of development of tribal areas are more readily acceptable by the people if they are need- oriented rather than scheme oriented. If the plans are chalked out and implemented in the way people like them, they are likely to evoke more positive response from them than when something is done for them, which does not required by them. Therefore, it is essential to base the plans on the needs felt by the people. It is also important to pin- point the existing lacunae if any, in the plans, which are not based on needs, so that in future these could be removed. Keeping all these things in a view, the researcher felt very need to do this research.

2.3 Operationalisation of Concept: 2.3.1 Tribes •	A tribe is a group of people in a primitive or barbarous stage of development acknowledge in the authority of a chief and usually regarding themselves as having a common ances -Oxford dictionary •	“A tribe is a group with territorial affiliation, endogamous, with no specialization of functions, ruled by tribal officers, hereditary or otherwise united in language or dialect, recognizing social distance with other tribes or castes, without any social obloquy attaching to them, as it does in the caste structure, following tribal traditions, beliefs and customs, illiberal of naturalization of ideas from alien sources, above all conscious of homogeneity of ethnic and territorial integration”. - D.N Mujumdar

2.3.2 Katkari •	Tribal community of Maharashtra who are sparsely distributed in all the districts situated in western part of the •	State. They mainly live in foothills of the Sahyadri range in Thane & Raigad districts. •	The term ‘Katkari’ was derived from the Marathi word ‘Kat’ or ‘Kath’ which means the thickened juice of the •	Khair (Acacia catechu) tree. Hence, the makers of kat are known as Katkari.

2.3.3 Government of Maharashtra’s Schemes and Programmes There are several types of development and welfare programmes, schemes of government (Central as well as state) especially for tribals. Here for this research study, Researcher studied only those schemes, which are implemented in Shahapur Taluka & supposed to benefit Katkaris of Ambarje village, Shahapur Taluka.

2.3.4 Hamlets: The village is divided into hamlets. Hamlet is ‘pada’ in which approximately 30 – 40 families stay.

2.4 Research Design Research design of this study is Exploratory / Formulative type and it is a Exploratory Research Design because it is one of the purpose is to formulate a problem for more precise investigation. Study has other function i.e. discovery of facts.

2.5 Sources of Data Primary Data Is collected through Interview, Focus Group Discussion & Observation Secondary Data Is collected through books, journals, newspaper cuttings, thesis, dissertations

2.6 Tools for Data Collection 2.6.1 Interview Schedule: Interview Schedule for four groups is there: - For BDO of Shahapur Taluka - For Panchayat Peoples - For Katkari Tribal Families

2.6.2 Observation: Researcher observed the community, pada, families, house, and procedure of implementing the schemes / programmes in Shahapur Taluka.

2.7 Sampling Sampling strategy of the Researcher is ‘Simple Random Sampling’ Universe: Katkari Tribals of Shahapur Taluka Unit: State: Maharashtra District: Thane Taluka: Shahapur House: house of selected Katkari Tribals Family: Katkari families
 * Geographical Units
 * Structural Units
 * Social Group Units

Size of the Sample: In Shahapur Taluka, Ambarje village is there in which number of hamlets/ padas are there. The researcher did the study in five hamlets in which Katkaris are more. From each hamlet, researcher selected ten families randomly totaling to fifty.

2.8 Plan of Analysis After the collection of the data, the data is edited. Open-ended questions are listed down, classified and coded. A codebook is prepared from which data is transferred to Master Sheet and then analyzed. Some of the data is geographically summarized into pie – diagram, bar- graph and tables.

2.9 Scope of the Study The study is limited to Katkari Tribals of Shahapur Taluka who are getting benefit of schemes.

2.10 Limitations of the Study Time limit for the study is there. Within the given time i.e. 3 months researcher collected the data. Sample size is 50, which is another limitation of the study. Further problem of language & illiteracy, ignorance of the tribals were the limitations of the study.

2.11 Implications of the Study Government/ NGO/ any other organisation will come to know whether the schemes/ prohrammes for the tribals are need oriented / not? Beneficial / not?, implemented properly/ not? Etc. With the help of this, they can plan for future schemes.

By taking into consideration, their needs& views, we can suggest some schemes/ programmes for the upliftment of Katkari tribals of Shahapur Taluka.