User:Sbr13764/sandbox

AKWOSHIELD: WATERPROOFING is an engineering by itself. It needs to be handled by professionals and knowledgeable persons not necessarily educated. Waterproofing is all about securing the structure from getting corroded vis-a-vis premature death. There is no specific definition on waterproofing as any procedure which can stop leak is waterproofing. On a broad base I am trying to introduce you all to WATERPROOFING by welcoming you all to LEAK-AGE -- LEAKAGE: UNDERSTANDING OF LEAKAGE: PATCH SWEATING DRIPPING FLOWING OOZING This happens when water table is high or when source of water is either damaged or exposed for example source of water for well when gets exposed will ooze out or even if submerged water pipe gets damaged water will ooze out. As per thumb rule water without support will come out of structure within vicinity of 21 meters without any support. For example, if water from roof is leaking below it is not necessary that source of water inlet into substrate is right above it can be anywhere in the vicinity of 21 meters under pressure it raises upto height of 4 feet. if proper support is obtained water can travel distance unknown to us. Support can be inform of reinforcement steel or electrical conduit etc.,. The ingress of water happens due to various reasons common reasons are low density surface improper curing too much of chemicals used while construction foreign materials being left in the substrate for example: wood bags binding wires nails clothes cigarette buts, sachets etc Exquisite reasons can be Poor workman ship improper curing of surface low grade sand/cement excess of cement unscientific practices of construction OTHER PROMINENT REASONS Improper designs Quality of soil not understood before construction High water table wrong selection of material LATEST ADDITIONS: U V RADIATION CYCLIC VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE EXPLOSION/IMPLOSION OF GAS OR WATER POCKET DEFFERED CONSTRUCTION EXPERIMENTING WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING UNPRECEDENTED RAIN AND TEMPERATURE Solutions: PROCEDURE AVAILABLE FOR ADOPTION: INTEGRAL WATERPROOFING: This about adding suitable additive into concrete or material of construction and building the structure COATINGS: This is about painting the surface as specified by manufacturer over cured dry surface. LAMINATES: Brick bat coba, PCC, Tar felt, APP/FRP/FRG/Cotton cloth membranes CLADDING: Tile cladding (stone, ceramic, vitrified or any other suitable tiles) GROUTING: Forcefully sending materials into surface to plug voids IMPREGNATION: This can also be called as gravity grouting which works on vicking action using water as carrier. BASE OF MATERIALS COMMONLY USED: CEMENTETIOUS SILICONE CAULK, COATING, GROUTING, LAMINATE EPOXY (MASTICS, CAULCKS, COATING, GROUTING, LAMINATE POLYURETHANE (FOAM, MASTICS, CAULKS, COATING, GROUTING laminate) ACRYLIC (COATING, GROUTING, LAMINATE) POLY UREA (COATING) COMPOSITES OF CERAMIC (IMPREGNATE FOR IMPREGNATION, GROUTING, AS ADMIXTURE FOR DRY FILL, MASTICS, CAULKS, COATINGS, LAMINATES, INTEGRAL SYSTEMS) SURFACE OF APPLICATION: OTHER THAN AKWOSHIELD AN IMPREGNATE ALL OTHER MATERIALS REQUIRE DRY SURFACE. CEMENTETIOUS TILES SOIL STONE METALS FORM OF STRUCTURES: AS NOMICLATURE We can say: Basement Retaining wall Beams/columns/pillars WATER RUNNING AREA ROOFS WASH AREA TOILETS BALCONIES WALLS CASCADES CANALS WATER HOLDING BODIES ROOF TOP GARDENTS OVER HEAD TANKS/RESERVIORS UNDER GROUND SUMPS/RESERVIORS FOUNTAINS DAMS ADVANTAGES OF APPLICATION PROCEDURES: INTEGRAL/ADMIXTURE WATERPROOFING: This is addressed to the procedure where compounds are added into concrete before casting. Each formulation has its own procedure and percentage for addition. The advantage of this process is when the water needs to be suppressed it helps to do so to greater extend but is not a complete waterproofing system as there are various reasons for leaks and common of them are presence of foreign bodies like binding wire, bags etc., cracks formation for various reasons to mention a few. LAMINATE: This is about adding a layer of material be it PCC, brick bat coba or APP or cloth of various base, broadly stone cladding can also be considered to be so. Plain Cement Concrete or PCC is used to create gradniece with addition of admixtures which is a common practice. This is laid over mother slab and is believed to be waterproof layer also. In reality this needs reinforcement in form of coating or tile or impregnate. Brick bat coba: This is age old practice of weather proofing technique but unfortunately considered as waterproofing. It is excellent method for weather proofing than waterproofing. I say so as if bricks are not properly baked or cured that itself will get soaked in water swell upto 5 times and increase by weight by 5 times ending up as a layer of mud over a period of time. This works well if a coating or impregnate is used before laying bricks so that this acts as weather proof and other as waterproof. APP or bitumen sheet is a layer of material laid over RCC or any surface to waterproof the surface. This is an excellent material as an underlayment and can be used over surface if properly applied. Dis advantage is it can get easily damaged during variation of temperature either by cracking or blistering which later punctures to leave water ingress. Also reworking with this is a daunting task as tar gets stuck to surface and will be difficult to remove it. It is very supportive to be used as anti-corrosive covering over metal and structures or in places where there is low u v or scotching Sun. Cloth like fibre glass cloth or cotton cloth are also used as waterproofing materials these are impregnated with resins of various bases and lamented over surface. But for its low impact strength and ability to peel off as in most of the cases it is a good material for construction. Especially cotton cloth is too good for expansion joints where present practice can be avoided or eliminated. Cladding is another form of lamination where stone or tiles are used to supress ingress of water. This is also known as box type waterproofing when stones or larger tile size is used. GROUTING: this is forceful injection of material of various base into substrate to block veins of water outgress or ingress. This is good while relocating the exit points and requires multiple points during most of the cases. This process is very handy when jacketed structures are there in case of dam structure for example. It needs to be judiciously used as material is pushed into structure under pressure and already stressed structure gets premature death due to vibrations/withering action, further widening or growth of cracks in structure etc. IMPREGNATION: This is a process where water is used as a carrier. It can also be considered as gravity grouting. This can be applied over existing surface upto 100-year-old structures or ongoing projects. It can be applied over existing surface like tiles of any nature including marble and be cleaned after 30 minutes to 1 hour. It works using vicking action as it is composed of Nano particles and mostly composites. It works on cement, soil, wood surface and cement either in full or as lining or joining or in full form. Since water is the carrier it can be applied during rain or over water or wet surface.