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For the Howard Hughes page, Estate section:

Hughes's estate was contested after his death. Multiple wills were produced with competing claims.

Approximately three weeks after Hughes' death, a handwritten will was found on the desk of an official of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City. This so-called "Mormon Will" gave $1.56 billion to various charitable organizations, including $625 million to the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and approximately $156 million to the LDS Church; nearly $470 million to the upper management in Hughes' companies and to his aides; $156 million to first cousin William Lummis; and $156 million split equally between his two ex-wives Ella Rice and Jean Peters, even though both women had alimony settlements that barred claims on Hughes' estate. A further $156 million was endowed to a gas-station owner named Melvin Dummar, who told reporters that late one evening in December 1967, he found a disheveled and dirty man lying along U.S. Highway 95, 150 miles (240 km) north of Las Vegas. The man asked for a ride to Las Vegas. Dropping him off at the Sands Hotel, Dummar said the man told him he was Hughes. Dummar then claimed that days after Hughes' death, a "mysterious man" appeared at his gas station, leaving an envelope containing the will on his desk. Unsure if the will was genuine, and unsure of what to do, Dummar left the will at the LDS Church office.

Many other wills with competing claims surfaced after Hughes's death. However, according to his senior counsel, Frank P. Morse, Hughes left his entire estate to the Hughes Medical Institute, as he had no connection to family and was seriously ill. The original will, that included payments to aides, never surfaced and was apparently in a home surrounding the Desert Inn Golf Course, belonging to the mother of an assistant. Morse, the attorney of record for Hughes, claimed that Hughes had no desire to leave any money to family, aides, or churches (Morse, 1976). Morse claimed specifically that since Hughes was not Mormon, he had no reason to leave his estate to that church (Morse, 2015).

In June 1978, after a seven month trial, a Nevada court rejected the Mormon Will as a forgery, and declared that Hughes had died intestate. Hughes' $2.5 billion estate was eventually split in 1983 among 22 cousins, including William Lummis, who serves as a trustee of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Hughes Aircraft was owned by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, which sold it to General Motors in 1985 for $5.2 billion. The court rejected suits by the states of California and Texas claiming they were owedinheritance tax. In 1984, Hughes' estate paid an undisclosed amount to Terry Moore, who claimed she and Hughes had secretly married on a yacht in international waters off Mexico in 1949 and never divorced. Moore never produced proof of a marriage.

Attica Prison Riot Edits

Film Section


 * In the film Half Nelson (2006), one of Dunne's students tells the history of Attica with a brief monologue a half hour into the movie.
 * In the film Dog Day Afternoon, (1975), Al Pacino's character, Sonny, who is holding eight bank employees hostage, starts the chant, "Attica! Attica!", at the massed police outside, evoking the excessive police force used in response to the Attica riot. The chant "Attica! Attica!" has since been parodied or used for comedic effect in many films and television shows. For example, In the film Naked Gun 33 1/3: The Final Insult, (1994), Leslie Nielsen's character, Frank Drebin, shouts "Attica! Attica!" when he goes undercover in prison. Similarly, in the film Saturday Night Fever (1977), John Travolta's character, Tony Manero, wakes up after a night out at the disco and, while looking at himself in the mirror and seeing a poster of Al Pacino in Serpico (1973), debates whether he resembles Al Pacino. Becoming enamored of the idea, he yells "Al Pacino!" and then opens his bedroom door, walks into the hallway, and chants "Attica! Attica!"

TV Section

Television

 * In the season 1 finale of the HBO series Oz, Attica is referenced by unit manager Tim McManus as his hometown and the riot as his original impetus for his wanting to set up Emerald City.
 * In the final episode of Orange Is the New Black season 4, the prisoners riot and chant "Attica! Attica!". The entirety of season 5 is devoted to the riot itself, which contains significant parallels to the Attica riot.
 * The Attica Prison riot served as a source of inspiration for the Bell Riots from the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode "Past Tense".
 * In the episode "A Date with the Booty Warrior" of the animated series The Boondocks, the episode's titular character takes Tom hostage with a shank, inciting a prison riot. After the convicts had taken the guards hostage, they were deciding what to do next. The other convicts were disgruntled to learn that the Booty Warrior's only demands were "to get some booty". One of the other convicts (voiced by Clifton Powell) remarked "I thought this was supposed to be some Attica-type shit!".
 * The chant, "Attica! Attica!" has been used in several television shows, including Gilmore Girls, House, It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, The King of Queens, TMNT, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, WCW Monday Nitro, and The Wire. Variations of the chant were used in Duckman: Private Dick/Family Man ("Sciatica!"), The League ("Gattaca!"), and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch ("Cattica, Cattica!" chanted by a talking cat).