User:Scorpio1028/Birthday Letters

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Birthday Letters is a 1998 poetry collection by English poet and children's writer Ted Hughes. Released only months before Hughes' death, the collection won multiple prestigious literary awards, including the Whitbread Book of the Year, the Forward Poetry Prize for Best Collection, and the T.S. Eliot Prize for Poetry in 1999. This collection of eighty-eight poems is widely considered to be Hughes's most explicit response to the suicide of his estranged wife Sylvia Plath in 1963, and to their widely discussed, politicized, and "explosive" marriage. The poems of the collection are addressed to Plath, save for just two of the eighty-eight. Prior to Birthday Letters, Hughes had only explicitly mentioned Plath once before, in a poem titled 'Heptonstall Cemetary' from his 1979 collection Remains of Elmet.

The Cover
The cover of Birthday Letters is artwork created by Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath's daughter Frieda. The cover is made up of violent reds and vibrant yellows, with just a minuscule amount of blue peaking through against a dark background. The rest of the book, including the dust jacket and Hughes' name were all in blue, which was Hughes' own decision. In the last poem of the book 'Red', he begins by writing, "Red was your color," ending the poem and thus the entire collection with the line "But the jewel you lost was blue."

Plath and Hughes' Relationship
Hughes and Plath met for the first time on 25 February 1956, at a party in Cambridge. Plath had been studying in England on a government grant, and wanted to meet the Hughes after being impressed with some of the poems she'd read in a magazine. The two quickly found interest in one another, going as far as sending poems back and forth with each other. On 16 June 1956, just months after their first meeting the two poets married and honeymooned in Benidorm.

A year later Hughes and Plath relocated to Massachusetts so Plath could teach at her alma mater, Smith College. With Plath finding trouble in both working on her poetry and teaching, the couple eventually moved back to London by the end of 1959. On 1 April 1960, Plath gave birth to their first daughter, Frieda Hughes, and on 17 January 1962 she gave birth to their second child and first son Nicholas Hughes. In between the births of Frieda and Nicholas, Plath had gotten pregnant and suffered a miscarriage in 1961. In letters written to her therapist between 18 February 1960 and 4 February 1963, unseen until 2017, Plath accuses Hughes of physically abusing her just days before her miscarriage.

Background
Birthday Letters had been written over a span of 25 years, beginning right after Plath had passed away. The poet regarded the collection as a conversation with his ex-wife, and in letters to friends Hughes explained that he first began a ‘written conversation’ with Plath as far back as the early 1970s. Materials such as drafts, diary entries, and letters related to Birthday Letters, can be found within the archive of Ted Hughes held at the British Library (reference Add MS 88918/1/2-16).

Controversy
Until the publication of this book, 35 years after Plath's suicide, Hughes had said and published nearly nothing about his relationship and life with Plath. When it was discovered that he had infidelities while with Plath and had destroyed some of Plath's works after her death, some critics depicted him as a monster and Plath as a victim. In one instance, Hughes's name was chipped off Plath's tombstone in Yorkshire.

The "Ted Hughes controversy" concerned his possible role in Plath's suicide and subsequent attempts at controlling the finished products of her poetry. The speculation resulted in extra-literary attention on Plath and Hughes and, consequently, their works as poets.

Notable Poems
There are multiple poems in the collection that address their relationship, and many are directly addressed to Plath herself.

Fulbright Scholars
Fulbright Scholars is the 1st poem in the book and is told as a memory of Hughes'. In the poem he describes seeing a photo of that year's batch of Fulbright scholars. Many believe that this poem was about Plath, as the two met when she was in England as part of the Fulbright program.

Wuthering Heights
Wuthering Heights is the 26th poem in the book and it shares a title with the 1847 novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë. More importantly, Plath has a poem of the same title, released in her 1971 collection Crossing the Water, which Hughes released for Plath posthumously. Some have claimed that Hughes' poem is a direct response to Plath's Wuthering Heights.

The Blue Flannel Suit
The Blue Flannel Suit is the 30th poem in the book and is amongst those most recognized to be about Plath. In the poem, Hughes describes the blue flannel suit Plath was wearing on the first day she began teaching at Smith College in 1957.