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Frédéric François Albert Braconier (10 August 1901 – 10 November 1985) was a Belgian artist from the Wallonie whose œuvre comprises at least 150 paintings and monotypes of considerable variety both in subject and style. He painted landscapes, city views and portraits and created numerous abstract compositions. Braconier was active for more than sixty years, artistically “reinventing” himself several times. The diversity of his works, bearing witness both to his curiosity and his willingness to change, makes him an interesting artist. Little known nowadays, he is yet to be rediscovered.

Early life and Training
Braconier was born in Spa and studied at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in nearby Liège under the masters Évariste Carpentier (1845-1922) – the Nestor of Belgian landscape painting –, Xavier Wurth (1869-1933), Richard Heintz (1871-1929) and Alfred Martin (1888-1950). Hence, at the beginning of his career Braconier was mainly influenced by impressionist landscape painters, most of whom belonged to the luminism movement, regionally called L’Ècole Liégoise du Paysage. During the 1930s Braconier took classes with surrealist painter Auguste Mambour (1896-1968) and with the portraitist Adrien Dupagne (1889-1980), both of whom had stylistically grown beyond impressionism.

Realizing that it would be difficult to make a living from art alone, Braconier had taken up studies at the Université de Liège, graduating as a doctor of sciences (docteur ès sciences physicochimiques) in 1928.

Professional life
From 1939 to 1942 Braconier worked with fellow artist Georges Bouillon (1891-1943) whose early death, at 52, can hardly have left Braconier untouched. Some of the two men’s pictures seem to be related to each other, such as Braconier’s painting Le pont Saint-Lambert à Vresse and Bouillon’s Paysage au pont à Vresse-sur-Semois, showing the same bridge.

In the early 1940s Braconier painted at least two portraits in realist style, both pictures showing remarkable craftsmanship in this field which, however, does not seem to have been of interest to him in his later years.

In 1945 Braconier participated in founding the Association pour le progrès intellectuel et artistique de la Wallonie (APIAW) which had been conceived in 1943 when Belgium was still occupied by the Germans. Subsequently Braconier’s works were exhibited at Bruxelles, Maastricht, Verviers and Liège.

As a scientist Braconier rose to be head of the research department of the Société Belge de l’Azote et des Produits chimiques du Marly at Liège. For his achievements in the service of Belgian industry he was appointed Chevalier de l’Ordre de la Couronne by King Baudouin of Belgium in November 1951. The international Société de Chimie Industrielle awarded Braconier an honorary membership in 1958. That same year Braconier invented a chemical process known as SBA (the acronym for Société Belge de l’Azote) for making acetylene from methane. On the whole, Braconier was a prolific inventor in the field of organic chemistry, many patent claims on behalf of SBA mentioning his name.

In or about 1958, the year of the Brussels World’s Fair Expo 58 for which the famous Atomium was created, Braconier turned to abstraction. Pictures from this phase, such as Le rouge et le bleu, show that Braconier began by reducing objects to elementary structures of vivid colour. He then took the further step into completely non-representional art, though he continued using titles referring to place names or other phenomena from concrete reality.

From 1964 on he mostly painted on glass or plexiglass, his creations sometimes resembling micro-organic or chemical structures. He and his wife moved to Ramatuelle in the Département Var (France). Frédéric Braconier died in 1985; his grave is at the Ramatuelle village cemetery.

Posthumous Fame
Most of Braconier’s works appear to be in private hands. The leaflet to the 1973/1974 exhibition, cataloguing 50 of his abstract works, mentions private collections in Belgium, France, Spain, Austria, Japan, and the U.S.A. According to the same leaflet, the Musée de l’Art Wallon at Liège (now a department of the Musée des Beaux Arts de Liège - MBA) owns one or several of his paintings. One of the larger collections seems to be the one owned by the artist’s widow, Mme. Monique Braconier.

Preliminary Catalogue
As Braconier’s work is scattered in private collections, the extent of his œuvre can only be guessed. Information as to the whereabouts or even exact years of creation is hard to come by. The following data have been gathered from different sources, including auctioneers’ catalogues and databases documenting art prices.


 * Abdias	|| oil/glass	|| 80 x 60 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Azul	|| oil/glass	|| 80 x 60 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Bouvines	|| oil/glass	|| 40 x 50 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Castalia	|| oil/glass	|| 120 x 150 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Cathedra	|| oil/glass	|| 120 x 90 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Che-k’o	|| oil/glass	|| 120 x 90 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Cosmos	|| oil/glass	|| 40 x 60 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Dago	|| oil/glass	|| 80 x 60 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Etude [I]	|| oil/glass	|| 30 x 20 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Etude [II]	|| oil/glass	|| 30 x 20 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Flora	|| oil/glass	|| 80 x 60 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Forestis	|| oil/glass	|| 120 x 200 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Galbinus 	|| oil/glass	|| 90 x 120 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Gaulis	|| oil/glass	|| 80 x 60 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Gurkha	|| oil/glass	|| 80 x 120 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Kamakoura	|| oil/glass	|| 90 x 120 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Karafuto	|| oil/glass	|| 80 x 120 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Kyu-Shu	|| oil/glass	|| 120 x 150 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Laquayo	|| oil/glass	|| 90 x 120 cm	|| (1964 and 1973)
 * Le pont Saint-Lambert à Vresse || oil/canvas	|| measures n .a.	|| (before 1943?)
 * Le rouge et le bleu	|| oil/canvas	|| 100 x 150	|| (between 1958 and 1964)
 * Manitoba	|| oil/glass	|| 90 x 120 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Mer de Tranquillité	|| oil/glass	|| 150 x 120 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Monotypes [I-XXIII, untitled]	|| ink on paper	|| 50 x 70 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Nu féminin allongé	|| oil/canvas	|| measures n.a.	|| (before 1964)
 * Origo	|| oil/glass	|| 80 x 60 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Paysage au Provence	|| oil/canvas	|| measures n .a.	|| 1947
 * Portrait d’un homme avec nœud papillon rouge	|| oil/canvas	|| 55 x 75 cm	|| 1941
 * Portrait du poète Jean-Marie Deronchêne	|| oil/canvas (?)	|| measures n.a.	|| ca. 1943
 * Rue de village et clocher	|| oil/canvas	|| 50 x 65 cm	|| (before 1964)
 * Sarapis	|| oil/glass	|| 80 x 60 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Sienne (Siena)	|| oil/glass	|| 120 x 200 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Tarquinia	|| media n.a.	|| measures n.a.	|| 1973
 * Topless	|| oil/glass	|| 90 x 120 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Tornado	|| oil/glass	|| 90 x 120 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)
 * Vue d’un lac en Ardenne	|| oil/canvas	|| measures n .a.	|| year n .a.
 * Vue de Ville Sous la Neige	|| oil/canvas	|| 70 x 60 cm	|| 1942
 * Yeux bleus (Blue eyes)	|| oil/glass	|| 80 x 60 cm	|| (between 1964 and 1973)

Literature

 * L. Koenig: Frédéric Braconier, in: Société Royale des Beaux-Arts de Liège (ed.), [Untitled leaflet issued on the occasion of an exhibition from 11 December 1973 to 6 January 1974]
 * L. Koenig: La peinture au pays de Liège, 1951, p. 130.
 * Jacques Parisse: La peinture à Liège au XXe siècle (Actuel XX), p. 186.

Category:1901 births Category:1985 deaths Category:People from Liège Category:Belgian artists Category:Belgian painters