User:Sebvasey/TameAEC

In model theory, a tame abstract elementary class is an abstract elementary class (AEC) which satisfies a locality property for types called tameness. Even though it appears implicitly in earlier work of Shelah, tameness as a property of AEC was first isolated by Grossberg and VanDieren, who observed that tame AECs were much easier to handle than general AECs.

Definition
Let K be an AEC with joint embedding, amalgamation, and no maximal models. Just like in first-order model theory, this implies K has a universal model-homogeneous monster model $$\mathfrak{C}$$. Working inside $$\mathfrak{C}$$, we can define a semantic notion of types by specifying that two elements a and b have the same type over some base model $$M$$ if there is an automorphism of the monster model sending a to b fixing $$M$$ pointwise (note that types can be defined in a similar manner without using a monster model). Such types are called Galois types.

One can ask for such types to be determined by their restriction on a small domain. This gives rise to the notion of tameness:


 * An AEC $$K$$ is tame if there exists a cardinal $$\kappa$$ such that any two distinct Galois types are already distinct on a submodel of their domain of size $$\le \kappa$$. When we want to emphasize $$\kappa$$, we say $$K$$ is $$\kappa$$-tame.

Tame AECs are usually also assumed to satisfy amalgamation.

Discussion and motivation
While (without the existence of large cardinals) there are examples of non-tame AECs, most of the known natural examples are tame.

Many results in the model theory of (general) AECs assume weak forms of the Generalized continuum hypothesis and rely on sophisticated combinatorial set-theoretic arguments. On the other hand, the model theory of tame AECs is much easier to develop, as evidenced by the results presented below.

Results
The following are some important results about tame AECs.


 * Upward categoricity transfer: A $$\kappa$$-tame AEC with amalgamation that is categorical in some successor $$\lambda \ge \operatorname{LS}(K)^{++} + \kappa^+$$ (i.e. has exactly one model of size $$\lambda$$ up to isomorphism) is categorical in all $$\mu \ge \lambda$$.
 * Tameness follows from large cardinals: If there are class-many strongly compact cardinals, then any abstract elementary class is tame.
 * Some tameness follows from categoricity : If an AEC is categorical in a cardinal $$\lambda$$ of high-enough cofinality, then tameness holds for types over saturated models of size less than $$\lambda$$.