User:SecA-tooba/sandbox

FORCE
A force is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object. Whenever there is an interaction between two objects, there is a force upon each of the objects. When the interaction ceases, the two objects no longer experience the force. Forces only exist as a result of an interaction.



=Effects of Force= 1.Force can make a stationary body in motion. For example a football can be set to move by kicking it, i.e. by applying a force.

2.Force can stop a moving body – For example by applying brakes, a running cycle or a running vehicle can be stopped.

3.Force can change the direction of a moving object. For example; By applying force, i.e. by moving handle the direction of a running bicycle can be changed. Similarly by moving steering the direction of a running vehicle is changed.

4.Force can change the speed of a moving body – By accelerating, the speed of a running vehicle can be increased or by applying brakes the speed of a running vehicle can be decreased.

5.Force can change the shape and size of an object. For example -– By pressing a rubber ball hard.

=Types Of Forces= For simplicity sake, all forces (interactions) between objects can be placed into two broad categories:

Contact forces


There are 6 kinds of forces which act on objects when they come into contact with one another. Remember, a force is either a push or pull. These forces are as follows:

1.Normal Force The normal force is the support force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another stable object. For example, if a book is resting upon a surface, then the surface is exerting an upward force upon the book in order to support the weight of the book.

2.Applied Force An applied force is a force that is applied to an object by a person or another object. If a person is pushing a desk across the room, then there is an applied force acting upon the object.

3.Friction Force The friction force is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or makes an effort to move across it. There are at least two types of friction force - sliding and static friction. Though it is not always the case, the friction force often opposes the motion of an object. For example, if a book slides across the surface of a desk, then the desk exerts a friction force in the opposite direction of its motion.

4.Air Resistance Force The air resistance is a special type of frictional force that acts upon objects as they travel through the air. The force of air resistance is often observed to oppose the motion of an object.

5.Tension Force The tension force is the force that is transmitted through a string, rope, cable or wire when it is pulled tight by forces acting from opposite ends. The tension force is directed along the length of the wire and pulls equally on the objects on the opposite ends of the wire.

6.Spring Force The spring force is the force exerted by a compressed or stretched spring upon any object that is attached to it. An object that compresses or stretches a spring is always acted upon by a force that restores the object to its rest or equilibrium position.



Forces Resulting From Action-at-a-distance
Action-at-a-distance forces are those types of forces that result even when the two interacting objects are not in physical contact with each other, yet are able to exert a push or pull despite their physical separation. They are of three types:

1.Gravitational Force The gravitational force is a force that attracts any object with mass. Every object, including you, is pulling on every other object in the entire universe

2.Electric Force This is the force that exists between all charged particles. The electric force is responsible for such diverse phenomena as making your hair stand up on a cold dry day, creating chemical bonds, and allowing you to see when you turn on a lamp on a dark night.

3.Magnetic Force The force that exists between two magnets, caused by the interaction of their magnetic fields. This force causes the magnets to attract or repel one another.

Balanced Forces


If the resultant of applied forces is equal to zero, it is called balanced forces.

Example : - In the tug of war if both the teams apply similar magnitude of forces in oppoisite directions, rope does not move in either side. This happens becasue of balanced forces in which resultant of applied forces become zero.

Unbalanced Forces
If the resultant of applied forces are greater than zero the forces are called unbalanced forces. An object in rest can be moved because of applying balanced forces.

Unbalanced forces can do the following:

-Move a stationary object. -Increase the speed of a moving object.

-Decrease the speed of a moving object.

-Stop a moving object.

-Change the shape and size of an object.

=Mass And Inertia= The property of an object because of which it resists to get disturbed its state is called Inertia. Inertia of an object is measured by its mass. Intertia is directly proportional to the mass. This means inertia increases with increase in mass and decreases with decrease in mass. A heavy object will have more inertia than lighter one.

In other words, the natural tendecny of an object that resists the change in state of motion or rest of the boject is called intertia.

Since a heavy object has more intertia, thus it is difficult to push or pul a heavy box over the ground than lighter one.

=Friction= Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other.

Types OF Friction
There are two main types of friction:

1.Static Friction

Static friction is friction between two or more solid objects that are not moving relative to each other. For example, static friction can prevent an object from sliding down a sloped surface. Static friction comes into play when a body is forced to move along a surface but movement does not start. The magnitude of static friction remains equal to the applied external force and the direction is always opposite to the direction of motion. The magnitude of static friction depends upon μsμs (coefficient of static friction) and N (net normal reaction of the body).

2.Kinetic friction

Kinetic (or dynamic) friction occurs when two objects are moving relative to each other and rub together (like a sled on the ground).

Kinetic friction comes into play when a body just starts moving along a surface. When external applied force is sufficient to move a body along a surface then the force which opposes this motion is called as kinetic frictional force.