User:Secretlondon/Dnestr

Zaloga:
Radar construction began in sary shagan in late 1950s. 300m long, 25 m high.

Dnestr- simple one dimensional electronic scanning. Detection 3,000km.

2 prototypes then production version Dnestr-M. Began 1964. 11 erected by mid 1970s. 2 array then added - additional azimuth. Double array called Dnepr.

Genichesk (nr black sea) and pinsk (ukraine?)

Shortcomings - range over resolution. Main aim is extended warning time. Vulnerable to attack due to size.

By early 1970s there was a network of 11 Dnestr-M. Probs with reliability and resolution. They can only detect after passed over the horizon - ~ ten min warning.

Podvig et al:
Originally for IS (satellite fighter) ASAT. Modified to make EW radar (changing orientation of antenna mainly) to become Dnestr-M.

Dnestr from TsSO-P.

1963-4 construction of RO1 (olene) and RO-2 (skrunda)

RO-1 - 1 radar high false alarm rate due to ionosphere polar issues RO-2 - 2 radar (15 feb 1971 combat duty). radars cover 180 deg.

Dnestr-M. Fixed phased array. 200m long, 20m high in 200m long and 75 m high structure. scans around 120 deg. Range up to 5000 km.

Stations. New EW separarate radio-technical stations (ORTUs). Units becme brigades 2 or 3 stations became divisions. divisions part of 3rd early warning army 1977

Command centre solnechnogorsk, alt command Kolomna

New EW stations Dnepr - upgrade of Dnestr. Same scanning but 6,000km. west - nikolayev and beregovo (mukachevo) south - balkhash and mishelevka both covered 180 deg

Kometa - designed EW system

skkp
1963 SKKP proposal design approved 1965

First dnestr at balkhash reorientated for skkp in 1967 - a year later a dnestr in mishelevka was included in skkp.

these 2 centres created a radar barrier 5k km long - detects sats at altitude up to 3k km. skkp also uses optical and astronomy

info processed in skkp command centre (construction started 1965). 1st section of system combat duty 1970 command centre on combat duty 1972

in 1974 all early warning, abm in integrated system - new software

none could do geosynchronous sats. that needed optical & lidar - krona, okno

Ukrainian radars
1997 agreement.

from VKO
http://www.vko.ru/DesktopModules/Articles/ArticlesView.aspx?tabID=320&ItemID=417&mid=2891&wversion=Staging

TsSO-P (ЦСО-П) центральная станция обнаружения – полигонная (central detection station - polygon) TsSO-P: horn antenna length - 250 m, height - 15 m scanning frequency of azimuth plane and the phase method of measurement in the elevation plane. 200 microsecond pulses

built at site 8.

sept 17, 1961 first working.

for IS: os-1 and os-2 separated in latitude. two barriers separated vertically. the two sites increased accuracy. os-1 irkutsk, 2nd cape gulshad

each site had fan-shaped area with 4 dnestr. A dnestr was 2 TsSO-P with a two story building containing combined computer system and command post. Each antenna provides 30-degree sector in azimuth scanning a narrow beam (0.5 degrees) and elevation pattern represented "a spade" a width of 20 degrees

Field of view in azimuth of the radar were oriented in one direction (along the latitude of the earth), and elevation angles were set in such a way as to create a fan-shaped vertical barrier. Two radar (also called cells - РЛЯ ячейками=cell like RLS but RLYa) looked to the east (RLYA 1 and 2) the elevation angles from 10 to 90 degrees and the other two (RLYA 3 and 4) - West (also on the angles from 10 to 90 degrees).

dnestr built 1962-3.

had М-4 – 2М computer (contained semi conductors)

1966 - tests on radar 4 at os-2. april 67 first adopted by the army.

Dnestr-M - murmansk and riga. improvements over dnestr: 200 microsecs to 800 microsecs

M-4-2M computer

tested TsSO-PM at the test site in 1965. then modernised cells 1 and 2. and riga/murmansk at same time. 1968-70.

equipment similar at radar and space stations but software different.The need for this was due to the fact that the angular velocity of targets (PPE) at high elevation angles (10-90 degrees) were much higher than the radar site RO (10-30 degrees),

1971 4 dnestrs + 4 dnestr-m put on alert.

dnestr-m:

Considerably been improved antenna. Twice as increased field of view of each azimuth (60 degrees). Improved horn antenna (shortened from 20 to 14 meters). It set a polarizing filter, which has improved the accuracy in elevation

more powerful transmitter. more powerful computer - doubled bandwidth

1st dnepr 1974 node 5 at balkhash. then at Sevastopol

remaining (except nodes 3 &4 at OS stations) were made Dnepr. nodes 3 & 4 were skkp and after new srn were built were taken off duty.

-- NK: 3&4 dnestr, 1&2 dnestr-m. numbering different from Holm?