User:Secretlondon/Duga

Zaloga: 1950s. Bounces radar waves off the ionosphere, Possible range of 12,000 km.

Duga designer FA Kuzinsky of NIIDAR. Duga-2 between Gomel and Chernobyl.

Duga-2 prototype nr Gomel late 1960s. Full scale authorised 1971. Construction began 1975 at Balshy Kartel nt Komsomolsk-na-Amur.

NATO code: STEEL WORKS (NB other sources say STEEL YARD, but I have seen works before). Delayed in 1976 when design probs were found.

Computer tech - low reliability and resolution due to ionosphere. Also needed to use over north pole - "auroral disturbances in ionosphere"

2nd duga 1979 @ Nikolayev for Chinese.

Trials of Duga in 1980 Komsom. Couldn't detect indovidual missiles. Minuteman missiles from Vandenberg Atoll twoards Kwajalein Atoll.

Commander of ABM force Gen Col Yuri Votintsev said system not acceptible. Designers said designed to pick up massive strke so its okay. Council of Ministers agreed as much money ahd ben spent.

Duga at Komsom accepted for 'conditional service' 30 June 1982. Upgrade effort called Polar Program. Hundreds of millions of R spent on a system with little benefit.

Chernobyl - Gomel site abandoned after

Komsom required 300,000 R in upgrades (which might not have fixed it). It was cancelled in 1989. Komsom withdrawn from service 1989. Other site abandoned after a fire.

Podvig:

OTH back scatter first research projects 1946. "veyer" research project. cancelled 1949. Resumed at end of 1950s in NII-37 (research institute of long-range radio communications NIIDAR).

Prototype Duga built nr Nikolayev in early 1960s. Picked up missile launches from Baykonur. Construction of Duag-2 on the same site 1970.

Orientated towards the far east. tests Nov 1971, registered multiple BM missile launches from pacific and far east.

Before the tests were completed NIIDAR bid for construction of 2 Duga-3.

1st at Pripyat, 2nd at Bolshaya Kartel in Khabarousk Kray. Both oreintated towards the north to identify launches from the US.

Pripyat was accepted into experimental use 1976. Didn't take into consideration "ionospheric instability of the polar region" (p142) - virtually inoperable.

Eastern one completed 1978. PVO refused to accept it until it could detect minuteman icbm. niidar provided proof in 1980 and it was on combat duty 30 june1982.

dugas were on alert status until 1990 but were never commissioned. Pripyat closed after chernobyl. Eastern one early 1990s.

location
http://psiterror.ru/p/content/content.php?content.82.2 duga 1/2 The transmitting antenna was in pos.Luch, halfway along the route of Nikolaev, Kherson, and was clearly visible near the village of Pokrovsky Posad. transmitter 46.80722°N, 32.22°W

The receiving antenna was located near the village. Kalinovka by Nikolaev. Distance between the antennas 50-60 km.

Координаты: 47°02′28.33″N, 32°11′57.29″E

47.0412°N, 32.19925°W