User:Secretlondon/Volga

Podvig et al: Research Institute of Long-range radio communications (NIIDAR) Volga (based on Dunay-3U) as alternative to the daryal. Volga UHF. Lower potential so shorter detection range

Daryal chosen as basic radar, construction started on one volga 1982. Scheduled to be commissioned 1987. experimental operations started 1999.

NK
http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/numbers/248/25.shtml july 2003 V Davidenko

Pilot operation 2002.

to detect pershing intermediate missiles in W Germany. work started in 1982. In 1987 treaty was signed between ussr and usa eliminating intermediate missiles. work stopped. Against ABM treaty as not allowed multifunction radar. When station modernised it lost abm guidance functionality. Agreement signed bteween russia and belarus in 1995 (following loss of skrunda). Land and building transfered to Russia.

Pershing could reach ussr in 6-8 min

Kommersant
http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/4586664 Ivan Safronov

designed to identify pershing II (6-8 mins away) and target interceptors. started 1982. inf treaty dec 1987. because of US managing to get Yeniseysk demolished the USSR removed missile guidance from radar. work stopped in 1991 following collapse of ussr. started again in 1993 once clear that they'd lose coverage of nw from skrunda. tested in 1994. in 1995 all land/facilities leased to russia for 25 years with no taxes or charge for comms channels. construction restarted in 1998 when skrunda closed. testing 1999. test combat duty 2002.

Paper
Active_Electronically_Scanned_Array continuous radiation. receives and transmits simultaneously. active phased array. spiral radiators. 120 deg. 60 deg elevation. transmitter 36 x 20 m2 antenna. receiver has spiral radiators which spiral the other way. receiver 36 x 36 m2. both arrays are surrounded by a ferrite absorbing frame.