User:Segiz/Среднеазиатские владения Российской империи

The Central Asian possessions of the Russian Empire - this name usually refers to the territory of modern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, which was part of the Russian Empire as regions, namely, the Ural, Turgai, Akmola, Semipalatinsk, Semirechensk, Fergana, Syrdarya, Samarkand and Trans-Caspian regions, as well as preserving a certain degree of autonomy of the Bukhara emirate and the Khiva khanate. Within these limits, Central Asian ownership included 3,501,510 km² (3,076,628 square versts) with 7,721,684 inhabitants (1,897). Sometimes Semipalatinsk and Akmola regions were ranked as Siberia.

The expansion of Russia in Central Asia during the 19th century met with opposition (diplomatic and other non-military) from the largest colonial power, England, which viewed the Russian colonization of the region as a potential threat to its dominance in India. As part of this confrontation, beginning in the 19th century, the sphere of influence of Russia began to be called [* 1] Russian Central Asia [* 2].

История
The first contacts of the Russian state with the Central Asian states belong to the XVI century. In 1589, Bukhara Khan sought friendship with Moscow, who wanted to establish trade relations with her. From the time of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, the Russians began sending ambassadors to Central Asia, with the goal of opening markets to their merchants; so, in 1620, Ivan Danil Khokhlov was sent to Bukhara; in 1669 in Khiva - Fedotov and in Bukhara - two brothers Pazukhins; in 1675 in Bukhara - Vasily Daudov. These embassies did not have any real political results, but contributed to the expansion of information about Central Asia, which was included in the "Great Drawing Book".

In 1700, the ambassador from Khiva’s Shakhniyaz Khan arrived to Peter the Great, asking to accept him as a Russian citizen. In the years 1713-1714, two expeditions took place: in Bukharia Malaya - Buchholz and in Khiva - Bekovich-Cherkassky. In 1718, Peter I sent Florio Benevini to Bukhara, who returned in 1725 and delivered a lot of information about Central Asia. Attempts by Peter the Great to establish himself in this country were not crowned with success. However, if Bekovich Cherkassky’s campaign to Khiva was completely failed (only a few dozen Yaik Cossacks returned from the 4,000th detachment, the rest were killed or captured), as a result of Buchholz’s expeditions, Irtysh and Altai were in Russian possession. In 1801, Paul I decided to support the idea of ​​Napoleon Bonaparte about a joint campaign in India. The tasks that Pavel set himself were not known exactly, but nevertheless, in January, a Cossack detachment of about 20,000 men with artillery set out on a campaign under the command of Ataman Platov. By March, the detachment reached the headwaters of the Irgiz (outskirts of the Saratov province). Here they found the news of the death of Paul I and the order of Alexander I, who ascended to the throne, about the immediate return.