User:Segiz/Zhangir Kerey Khan

Zhangir-Kerei-Khan, during his lifetime in Russian was called Dzhanger (1801 - August 11, 1845) - Khan of the Inner (Bukeyev) Horde (1823−1845), son of Bokey-Khan, founder of the Bokei horde.

Биография
On June 22, 1823, Russian Emperor Alexander I Pavlovich signed a decree appointing Zhangir Khan to the Bokeev horde.

In 1840, Zhangir-Kerey-Khan received the rank of Major General of the Russian Army. In his youth, Zhangir Khan received his primary education from a home mullah teacher, then, by the will of his father, lived and was raised in the family of the Astrakhan governor S. S. Andreevsky. He received a European education, knew Russian, Persian, Arabic and partly German. He was a frequent guest of Kazan University. After one of the visits by the Khan of the University, local scientists wrote a book “Staying in Kazan of the Kyrgyz Khan Jean-Girya” (1826). The library of Zhangir Khan University presented 6 valuable ancient manuscripts in Arabic, Persian and Turkic languages.

Zhangir Khan had his own house in the Khan's headquarters (Horde) and in Astrakhan, a trade courtyard in Saratov and a parking lot in Orenburg. Zhangir Kerey Khan often visited St. Petersburg, participated in the coronation of the Russian Emperor Nicholas I Pavlovich, visited Kazan and the North Caucasus.

Zhangir Khan began to give public lands to private individuals. At first, he handed out to their local bosses as a reward for service, and then he began to sell for money, issuing special acts. In essence, it came down to a complete plundering of the land. Such agrarian policy of the Khan, aimed at the feudalization of the horde, greatly aggravated and exacerbated social relations. One third of the population of the Bokeev Horde was completely without land, many were forced to rent it from neighbors in the nearby Russian provinces. Widespread mining, the land began to turn into an object of trade. This situation was skillfully used by the tsarist government in order to colonize the territory of the Kazakh Khanate. Zhangir Khan became an active conductor of the policy of royal power. One of the main economic restrictions for the Kazakh people was the ban on the settlement of Kazakhs on the territory along the banks of the Volga and the Urals, as well as the Caspian Sea. The Kazakhs had no right to water the cattle and fish from these rivers.

Such a policy of Zhangir Khan led to a popular uprising led by Isatay Taimanov and Makhambet Utemisov (1836–1837). The uprising became a protest to the policy of the feudal lords and the Russian colonialists. Zhangir Khan suppressed the uprising with the help of Russian troops. (See Isataya Taimanov’s Rise)

Внешняя политика
Zhangir Khan was in friendly and economic relations with the Russian Empire. He visited the capital and cities of Russia several times. In 1826 he participated in the coronation of Nicholas I. During the coronations, foreign diplomats arrived in the Khan’s reception. In 1845, visited St. Petersburg, met with the Emperor of Russia Nikolai I. Awarded the Order of St. Anne I degree for the development of bilateral relations.

Family
Zhangir Khan had three wives: Yuzum Khanym, Fatima Khanym (died 1845) - the daughter of the famous Orenburg mufti Mukhamedzhan Khusainov (1756-1824) and Salih (died 1852) - the daughter of the esaula of the Inner Horde Karaul-Hoji Babajanov. From the named wives he had sons: Seyid-Girey, Sahib-Girey, Ibrahim, Zulkarny, Iskander, Ishmael, Ahmed-Girey, Gubaydulla and daughters Zuleikha, Taisha and Hadish. The eldest daughter Zuleikha was subsequently married to a descendant of the famous Murza, Colonel Alexander Tevkelev, who lived in Orenburg.

Death
В 1845 году Жангир-Керей-хан скончался. Есть три версии смерти хана: по некоторым источником, Жангир был убит цирюльником, перед встречей с царём Николаем I. Согласно другой версии, он скончался от инсульта. Но в народе ходили слухи, что его отравили.

According to the testament of Zhangir Khan, his beloved son Sahib-Kerey, who was 16 years old in 1845, was to be his heir. He studied in the imperial page corps, and his mother, Fatima Khanim, called him from St. Petersburg. In July 1847, on the way from St. Petersburg to the Sahib-Kerey-khan steppe, he suddenly died. Despite the fact that Zhangir-Kerey-Khan had several more sons, the Khan's title in the Bukey Horde was abolished.

Награды
Foreign:


 * Order of St. Anne I degree (1832, Russian Empire)Орден Святой Анны І-й степени (1832, Российская империя)

В культуре

 * Исторический фильм-драма «Махамбет» (2008, «Казахфильм». Режиссёр Сламбек Тауекел). В роли Жангир Хана — Азиз Бейшеналиев.

Литература

 * "Inner Kyrgyz Horde" (short statistical essay) - Astrakhan, 1891. A. Yu. Bykov, Administrative-Territorial Reforms in the Bukeyev Horde (first half of the 19th century) [1] ISBN 5-7904-0178-3 [2] Zimanov Z. “Russia and the Bukeev Khanate”, Alma-Ata: Science, 1982. - 171 p.

Ссылки

 * Жангир-Керей-хан на сайте «Родовод»
 * Пленяя сердца даром красноречия.