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IEEE 802.11ad is a wireless communications protocol defining/utilizing the 60GHz radio frequency. It is part of the IEEE 802.11-family of communications protocols.

computer networking standards.

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(which is marketed under the brand name Wi-Fi), developed in the IEEE Standards Association process, providing high-throughput wireless local area networks (WLANs) on the 5 GHz band. The standard was developed from 2011 through 2013, with final 802.11 Working Group approval and publication scheduled for early 2014. According to a study, devices with the 802.11ac specification are expected to be common by 2015 with an estimated one billion spread around the world.

This specification has expected multi-station WLAN throughput of at least 1 gigabit per second and a single link throughput of at least 500 megabits per second (500 Mbit/s). This is accomplished by extending the air interface concepts embraced by 802.11n: wider RF bandwidth (up to 160 MHz), more MIMO spatial streams (up to 8), multi-user MIMO, and high-density modulation (up to 256-QAM).


 * 802.11

New technologies

 * Extended channel binding
 * Mandatory 80 MHz channel bandwidth for STAs (vs. 40 MHz maximum in 802.11n), 160 MHz available optionally
 * More MIMO spatial streams
 * Support for up to eight spatial streams (vs. four in 802.11n)
 * Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO)
 * Multiple STAs, each with one or more antennas, transmit or receive independent data streams simultaneously
 * “Space Division Multiple Access” (SDMA): streams not separated by frequency, but instead resolved spatially, analogous to 11n-style MIMO
 * Downlink MU-MIMO (one transmitting device, multiple receiving devices) included as an optional mode
 * Modulation
 * 256-QAM, rate 3/4 and 5/6, added as optional modes (vs. 64-QAM, rate 5/6 maximum in 802.11n)
 * Controversy has been raised that this modulation rate is not suitable for any architecture other than extremely small cells and would be completely useless to 3GPP
 * Other elements/features
 * Beamforming with standardized sounding and feedback for compatibility between vendors (non-standard in 802.11n made it hard for beamforming to work effectively between different vendor products)
 * MAC modifications (mostly to support above changes)
 * Coexistence mechanisms for 20/40/80/160 MHz channels, 11ac and 11a/n devices

Mandatory and optional features

 * Mandatory features (carried over from 802.11a/802.11g)
 * 800 ns regular guard interval
 * Binary convolutional coding (BCC)
 * Single spatial stream


 * New mandatory features (newly introduced in 802.11ac)
 * 80 MHz channel bandwidths


 * Optional features (carried over from 802.11n)
 * 2 to 4 spatial streams
 * Low-density parity-check code (LDPC)
 * Space-Time Block Coding (STBC)
 * Transmit Beamforming (TxBF)
 * 400 ns Short Guard Interval (SGI)


 * Optional features (newly introduced in 802.11ac)
 * 5 to 8 spatial streams
 * 160 MHz channel bandwidths (contiguous 80+80)
 * 80+80 MHz channel bonding (discontiguous 80+80)
 * MCS 8/9 (256-QAM)

New scenarios and configurations
The single-link and multi-station enhancements supported by 802.11ac enable several new WLAN usage scenarios, such as simultaneous streaming of HD video to multiple clients throughout the home, rapid synchronization and backup of large data files, wireless display, large campus/auditorium deployments, and manufacturing floor automation.

Example configurations
All rates assume 256-QAM, rate 5/6:

Data rates
Note: A second stream doubles the theoretical data rate, a 3rd 3x, etc.

Commercial routers
Quantenna released the first 802.11ac chipset for retail Wi-Fi routers and consumer electronics on November 15, 2011. Redpine Signals released the first low power 802.11ac technology for smartphone application processors on December 14, 2011. On January 5, 2012, Broadcom announced its first 802.11ac Wi-Fi chips and partners and on April 27, 2012, Netgear announced the first Broadcom-enabled router. On May 14, 2012, Buffalo Technology released the world’s first 802.11ac products to market, releasing a wireless router and client bridge adapter.

Apple Inc. is now selling an 802.11ac version of their "Airport Time Capsule".

Commercial laptops
On June 7, 2012, it was reported that ASUS had unveiled its ROG G75VX gaming notebook, which will be the first consumer-oriented notebook to be fully compliant with 802.11ac (albeit in its "draft 2.0" version).

Apple announced in June 2013 that the new MacBook Air features 802.11ac wireless networking capabilities.

Commercial handsets
HTC announced the first 802.11ac-enabled handset, the HTC One on February 19, 2013. The phone uses the Broadcom BCM4335 chipset.

The Samsung Galaxy S4, announced on March 14, 2013, also uses the BCM4335.