User:Senzeichi/Sandbox

this is it - the sandbox!

Liivikast

Administrative districts
In order to better fulfill the functions of local government, Tallinn is subdivided into 8 administrative districts (est: linnaosad, sg. - linnaosa). The district governments are city institutions that fulfill, in the territory of their district, the functions assigned to them by Tallinn legislation and statutes. The government of each district is managed by an Elder (est: linnaosavanem), who is appointed by the City Government, upon the proposal of the Mayor and after having heard the opinion of the Administrative Councils. The function of the Administrative Councils is to make recommendations to the City Government and Commissions of the City Council for better organization of governmental work and life in the administrative territory.

* Transport in Tallinn
Tallinn has a highly developed public transport network,

roads narrow, number of cars incresed dramatically,

ticket system,

Tram, Trolleybus, Bus, Articulated bus, Scheduled taxi, routed taxi, minibus taxi, minibus, maxicab, Public light bus, Taxicab, Heliport

Bus
Bus is the most common type of public transport in Tallinn.

Fleet

 * Scania L113CLB

Normal-length 3-door bus. Made in Tartu by AS Baltscan. Length: 12.0 m. 26 seats. Capacity: up to 111 passengers. Exhaust gas composition and noise level comply with EURO 1 requirements. Maximum engine power: 172 kw


 * Volvo B10M

Environment-friendly, articulated 4-door bus made in Sweden. Length: 18.0 m. 40 seats. Capacity: up to 174 passengers. Exhaust gas composition and noise level comply with EURO 2 requirements. Maximum engine capacity: 210 kW.


 * Scania L94UB

Environment-friendly, partially lowered normal-length 3-door bus. Made in Tartu by AS Baltscan. Length: 12.0 m. 29 seats. Capacity: up to 111 passengers. Exhaust gas composition and noise level comply with EURO 2 requirements. Maximum engine power: 162 kW. ABS-brakes. The bus has a reinforced heating system, double side windows, low entry, and place for a pram.


 * Passenger road train

The passenger road train consists of two Scania L94 UB towing buses and the APM 5.2-13 bus trailer. The total length of the passenger road train is 23.2 m There are 29 seats in the towing bus and 29 seats in the bus trailer, the capacity of the bus is more than 200 passengers. The passenger road train has an environment-friendly diesel engine, the exhaust gas composition and noise level comply with EURO 2 requirements.

The buses are made in Tartu by AS Baltscan. The first passenger road train was introduced to Tallinn city routes on October 1999.


 * Scania Hess L94 UB City

Environment-friendly, partially lowered normal-length 3-door city bus. Manufactured by AS Baltcoach at Tartu, Estonia. Length: 12.0 m. 38 seats, total capacity 111 passengers (after capacity norm of Tallinn Transport Department 8 passengers per 1 square metre of free floorspace; starting 2005, in accordance with the Tallinn transport development program, the norm will be 7 passengers per square metre). Two-axle buses with aluminium body. Exhaust gas composition and noise level comply with EURO 2 requirements. Maximum engine power: 162 kW. ABS-brakes. Reinforced heating system, double side windows, first-door kneeling, place for a pram. Introduced January-February 2003.

-door articulated city bus with tinted double windows and improved heating and ventilation system. Manufactured in Sweden. Length: 18.0 m. 36 seats, total capacity 174 passengers (after capacity norm of Tallinn Transport Department 8 passengers per 1 square metre of free floorspace; starting 2005, in accordance with the Tallinn transport development program, the norm will be 7 passengers per square metre). Three-axle buses with aluminium body. Equipped with fuel consumption gauge and fault detection system. Interior floor roughened to avoid slipping. 6-cylinder, 4-stroke turbo-charged Euro 3 diesel engine with overhead valves and direct injection.Maximum engine power: 250 kW. These are the first Euro 3 engine-powered city buses in Estonia and fulfil the strict European emission requirements. Bus body can be lifted up while driving over obstacles. Kneeling function. Introduced in April 2003.
 * Volvo B12MA

Fleet

 * Ganz Solaris T12

* Marshrutka
Names in other countries

History
The history of Kohtla-Järve is closely tied to the history of extraction of oil shale - the main mineral of Estonia.

There is evidence that a number of settlements existed on the territory of modern Kohtla-Järve since High Middle Ages. In danish Land Book, Järve and Kukruse villages were first mentioned in 1241 by the names Jeruius and Kukarus respectively, and Sompa village in 1420 by the name Soenpe.

Local residents were aware of oil shale's flammable capability since ancient times, but its industrial extraction in Estonia began only in 20th century. In 1916 researches have shown, that oil shale can be used both as fuel and as raw material for chemical industry, and mining started near Järve village. In 1919 State Oil Shale Industrial Corporation was formed and the extraction by shaft and open-pit mining was extended. Settlements for workers began to appear adjacent to mines. In 1924 the oil shale processing factory was built near Kohtla railway station, and nearby settlement named Kohtla-Järve started to grow.

During the World War II the value of estonian oil shale deposit has grown. Germans, who occupied Estonia, considered it as an important source of fuel. However, they failed to begin full-scale extraction.

After the war, oil shale became required for industries of north-western part of Soviet Union in constantly increasing quantities and its extraction greatly expanded. Kohtla-Järve, as the main settlemet in mining area, received city status on 15 June 1946. Since that time, during the next twenty years, there was a process of administrative amalgamation of neighboring settlements within the limits of Kohtla-Järve. Kohtla and Kukruse were added to the city in 1949; Jõhvi, Ahtme and Sompa in 1960; Kiviõli, Oru, Püssi and Viivikonna in 1964. Thus, Kohtla-Järve greatly expanded, becoming a city with unique layout, as its parts remained scattered among woods, agricultural areas and oil shale mines. Total population of the city incresed mainly by workers sent from different parts of Soviet Union, reaching 90,000 in 1980.

In 1991 the number of city districts decreased, as Jõhvi, Kiviõli and Püssi became separate towns. Volumes of oil shale extraction and processing decreased dramatically during the 1990s and a lot of Kohtla-Järve citizens moved to Tallinn or Russia, due to high unemployment rate in Ida-Viru County.