User:SeoR/sandbox/Coolock

Coolock is a large suburban area, centred on a village, on Dublin city's Northside in Ireland. Coolock is crossed by the Santry River, a prominent feature in the middle of the district, with a linear park and ponds. The Coolock suburban area encompasses parts of three Dublin postal districts: Dublin 5, Dublin 13 and Dublin 17.

The extensive civil parish of Coolock takes in the land between the Tonlegee Road (as far as Donaghmede) and the Malahide Road, as well as the lands on either side of the Malahide Road between Darndale and Artane, and the lands either side of the Oscar Traynor Road on the approach to Santry.

Coolock is also the name of the barony which accounts for most of north Dublin city, from the coast in to the Phoenix Park, and stretching north as far as Swords.

History
Coolock has a history dating back over 3,500 years – a bronze-age burial site in the area dates back to 1500 BC. The settlement grew up around a small early-Christian church. A Catholic church, St. John's, was later built in the area (see Parish of Coolock (Roman Catholic) and Coolock parish (Church of Ireland) for more). The feudal barony of Coolock was granted in 1199 by Henry II to the Archbishop of Dublin.

Coolock remained a small village until the 1950s, with lands around the village being further developed over time, notably Bonnybrook and Kilmore West, between which a new centre to the area formed. At one time the old village was on the Malahide Road but that road was diverted and now passes slightly to the east of the village; in the meantime, a secondary hamlet, Newtown Coolock, developed further north.

Later again, lands in the north of Coolock were developed to form the new districts of Darndale and Priorswood.

Nature
Coolock lies either side of the valley of the Santry River, and includes a diversion from the little Naniken River. It is a relatively flat area a little above sea level, with a linear park around the Santry, and small green areas scattered through residential developments.

Location / character
Coolock lies at the centre of the majority working-class Northside suburbs such as Kilbarrack, Donaghmede and the Edenmore part of Raheny, and itself includes localities such as Ayrfield, Bonnybrook, Darndale, Priorswood, Greencastle and Kilmore West. As with other large suburban areas, such as Tallaght or Swords, there is no legal definition for Coolock, and so no definitive population figures, but it is one of Dublin's largest residential areas. It is crossed by the Oscar Traynor Road, running from the Malahide Road to Santry, and named for the War of Independence politician, later long-serving minister, Oscar Traynor.

The majority of Coolock, excluding Ayrfield, was built-up by the then city authority, Dublin Corporation, as part of a programme of the phased inner-city slum clearance (between, roughly, 1952 and 1987). Dublin City Council calculates that addresses containing "Coolock" comprise the largest stock of local authority houses within its jurisdiction and the area is central to the linear range of local authority building that took place during between the 1960s and the 1980s across Dublin's Northside - i.e. Ballymun including Poppintree, Kilmore, Coolock, Edenmore, Kilbarrack and Donaghmede.

The permanent Traveller halting site estates (which differ in layout to traditional halting sites) of Cara Park and Dominick Park, found in the Belcamp area (along the N32) are among the largest halting site facilities provided by local authorities in Ireland. They contain an adult education centre and pre-school facilities for the local Traveller population, both located beside Dominick Park. At least one smaller, more traditional, Traveller settlement is found in the area, close to the Clare Hall Shopping Centre. King of the Travellers, Jim Watt, is a resident of this settlement.

Localities
As one of Dublin's largest suburbs, Coolock holds a number of distinct localities, in addition to the village core and the Newtown Coolock area further north along the Malahide Road:
 * Belcamp, today comprising some housing between Darndale and Priorswood but historically referring to a broader rural area. It is situated near the site of the former Belcamp Cottage and included cottages demolished to make way for the N32 road. Belcamp Hall, designed by architect James Hoban is a feature.
 * Bonnybrook, a locality within the core of Coolock, above the original village, site of the main shopping centre, and with its own Catholic church and primary school.
 * Clonshaugh, (now in Dublin 17) stretching from the large Clonshaugh Industrial Estate opposite Kilmore all the way to the AUL, close to Baskin Lane. This includes Riverside, a housing estate at the side of the Santry River, with over 500 residents, first described as being in Santry, but with the postal district changed from Dublin 5 (old main Coolock code) to Dublin 17, and Newbury, situated behind Riverside, accessed from the Clonshaugh Road.
 * Darndale, built as a range of social housing estates, east of Clonshaugh and west of Clare Hall. It comprises Buttercup Park, Marigold Court, Primrose Grove, Snowdrop Walk and Tulip Court.
 * Greencastle, a locality within the core of Coolock, above the original village.
 * Priorswood, a small, densely populated locality found between Belcamp and Clonshaugh, comprising the housing estates of Moatview, Fairfield and Ferrycarrig.
 * St. Brendan's Estate, located across the Malahide Road from Coolock village proper, and comprising St. Brendan's Drive, Avenue and Park, Moatfield and Dunree Park.

One locality crosses area boundaries between Coolock and Artane:
 * Kilmore as a whole is a large area west of the Malahide Road and east of the M1, where Coolock meets Artane and Beaumont; of this, Kilmore West is entirely within Coolock, and includes the sub-locality of Cromcastle, which features numerous multi-storey council flat blocks in the same style as blocks in Kilbarrack.

And another locality is sometimes considered part of Coolock, sometimes part of Donaghmede, and sometimes as a distinct area (in a similar way to other small Dublin localities such as Harmonstown, Perrystown and Ballygall):
 * Ayrfield, an area beginning on the north side of the Tonlegee Road, predominantly within the Dublin 13 postal code, opposite Edenmore, and near Donaghmede and Darndale, containing several estates such as Rathvale, Limewood (part of Dublin 5), Millbrook, Slademore, Foxhill, Greenwood and Ard na Greine. Ayrfield has one primary school, St. Pauls Junior and Senior National School. The main access road, Blunden Drive, is the home of Ayrfield Credit Union, Ayrfield Community Centre and O'Tooles GAC clubhouse and playing pitches. Ayrfield is also a parish in the Howth deanery of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin. It is served by the Church of St Paul. It is also home to Ayrfield United F.C. which has pitches beside the credit union.

While located between Donaghmede and Coolock is Clare Hall, a later-built housing estate, which includes a small shopping precinct, and the large Clarehall Shopping Centre which is anchored by Tesco Extra.

Amenities


Public parks in the area include the Santry River Linear Park, and in Bonnybrook the Stardust Memorial Garden which is dedicated to the 48 people who lost their lives in the Stardust nightclub.

Coolock is also a local centre of government activity, with a Dublin City Council regional centre, a City Council swimming pool on top of the shopping centre, the NEAR FM community radio station, a Health Services Executive service centre and a tier 2 recycling centre. A new library was built between Northside Shopping Centre and the River Santry in 2019.

Retail and banking
The biggest retail facility is Northside Shopping Centre, Ireland's first covered shopping centre, situated near accesses to the M1 and M50, with more than 70 shops and banks, and a city council swimming pool. There are shops and a pub in the village centre, a smaller retail precinct between Northside and the village centre with Aldi and Hickeys, and a leisure and retail operation across the Malahide Road from Cadburys with a cinema, a Leisure Plex and a Power City electrical retail store, a retail park at Newtown Coolock which includes Woodies, Lidl, a petrol station and both KFC and McDonalds, as well as a Costa Coffee, and there are shops in a number of other locations.

The village centre has banking facilities, as does Northside Shopping Centre, and at least two credit unions operate also.

Industry
Both Bonnybrook and the outskirts of Coolock, notably Clonshaugh, are home to factories and industrial estates. At the beginning of Oscar Traynor Road, Cadbury Ireland has been manufacturing chocolate products since 1957, for both the Irish market and for export. Previously there was also a jam factory on this site.

The Greencastle Industrial Estate holds a mix of retail, wholesale and light industrial businesses. The Tayto Crisps factory manufactured snack foods there until it closed in 2005. Crown Paints (Akzo-Nobel) still operates on the next site.

The industrial and business parks in Clonshaugh hold a number of multinational operations. The largest single operation was Gateway Computers.

Education

 * Chanel College, a large boys secondary school and adult education source, founded in 1955
 * Coláiste Dhúlaigh Post-Primary, a co-educational secondary school, located beside Northside Shopping Centre.
 * Coláiste Dhúlaigh College of Further Education, on the same site as the secondary school as well as on a site in Edenmore, provides third-level courses (QQI, BTEC and FETAC)
 * Mercy College is a voluntary, Catholic girls secondary school
 * St. Pauls Junior and Senior National School, Ayrfield
 * St. Francis, Priorswood

Nearby and also serving parts of Coolock is:
 * The Donahies Community School, a large secondary school and adult education source, founded in 1977

And, now defunct, there was also:
 * The Catholic Belcamp College secondary school, on the near edge of Balgriffin, which operated 1893–2004

Sport
Parnells GAA club is based in Coolock village.

The Football Association of Ireland has a training facility at the northern end of Coolock, on the Oscar Traynor Road, near the border with Santry.

There are two major pigeon fancying and racing clubs in the area, one in Kilmore and one in Darndale / Belcamp.

A number of clubs train in the City Council swimming pool at Northside.

Religion
Coolock has given its name to religious divisions over a long period, and the primary historical ones are discussed at Parish of Coolock (Roman Catholic), and (from the Act of Supremacy), Parish of Coolock (Church of Ireland). Both Catholic (multiple) and Church of Ireland buildings stand within the area today. In the Catholic divisions, additional parishes today include Bonnybrook and Ayrfield (encompassing the Greenwood estate).

Film & television
The Coolock area was featured extensively during location shooting for the 1991 film The Commitments, directed by Alan Parker and starring a mainly unknown cast at the time.

Access and transport
Coolock, which is not crossed by any rail systems, is serviced by main roads, including the N32 and Oscar Traynor Roads which link to the M1, and by the following Dublin Bus routes:
 * 17A - Kilbarrack to Blanchardstown Centre
 * 27 - Jobstown to Coolock (Clare Hall Avenue)
 * 27A - Coolock (Blunden Drive) to Eden Quay
 * 27B - Eden Quay to Harristown
 * 27X - Belfield (U.C.D) to Clare Hall Avenue
 * 42 - Lower Abbey Street to Malahide or Portmarnock
 * 43 - Lower Abbey Street to Swords
 * 15 - Ballycullen Road to Clongriffin

There is also a passage under the M1/N1 road from Santry, alongside the Santry River.

Notable people
Famous historical figures linked to the area included Henry Grattan of Belcamp Park, and the novelist Charles Lever. In current times Aoife Dooley is from there.