User:Serendipodous/Timeline of 19th and early 20th century history

This timeline of 19th and early 20th century history comprises all events from the year 1800 until 100 years ago.

1800s

 * 1800: Alessandro Volta invents the first chemical battery. Napoleon invades Italy. Act of Union 1800 creates the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
 * 1801: Giuseppe Piazzi discovers the dwarf planet Ceres. British commence the Battle of Copenhagen. The French defeat the British at the Battle of Algeciras. Napoleon signs the Concordat of 1801 with the Pope. Cairo falls to the British. Assassination of Tsar Paul I of Russia. British defeat French at the Second Battle of Abukir
 * 1802: Treaty of Amiens between France and the United Kingdom ends the War of the Second Coalition. Ludwig van Beethoven performs his Moonlight Sonata for the first time.
 * 1803: William Symington demonstrates his Charlotte Dundas, the "first practical steamboat". Great Britain and France resume conflict. Louisiana Purchase more than doubles the size of the United States.
 * 1804: World population reaches 1 billion. Independence of Haiti. First steam locomotive begins operation. Morphine first isolated.
 * 1805: Battle of Ulm, Battle of Austerlitz, and Battle of Trafalgar. Death of Horatio Nelson.
 * 1806: Cape Colony becomes part of the British Empire. Holy Roman Empire dissolves. Battles of Pultusk and Golymin.
 * 1807: Napoleon defeats the Russian army in the Battle of Friedland. Peace of Tilsit is signed between Russia, Prussia and France. British bombard Copenhagen, killing 2000 people. French troops invade Portugal, commencing the Peninsular War. Portuguese monarchy flees to Brazil.
 * 1808: French troops occupy the Vatican. Finnish War begins. Beethoven releases his Fifth Symphony.
 * 1809: Finnish War ends.

1810s

 * 1810: Mexican and Argentinian Wars for Independence begin. Beethoven composes Für Elise. Venezuela attains home rule. United States annexes Florida.
 * 1811: George, Prince of Wales becomes Regent of the United Kingdom when his father, George III, is declared insane. Luddite uprisings begin. Native American chief Tecumseh is defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe.
 * 1812: War of 1812 begins. Napoleon invades Russia
 * 1813: Jane Austen publishes Pride and Prejudice.
 * 1814: Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba. British troops set fire to Washington D. C.. Congress of Vienna redraws the map of Europe. Treaty of Ghent officially ends the War of 1812.
 * 1815: Napoleon escapes from Elba and begins the Hundred Days, before finally being defeated at the Battle of Waterloo and exiled to St Helena. Mount Tambora in the Dutch East Indies commences the largest eruption in recorded history, instigating the year without a summer.
 * 1816: Independence of Argentina. Mary Shelley composes Frankenstein
 * 1817: First Seminole War begins in Florida. Russia commences its conquest of the Caucasus.
 * 1818: Independence of Chile.
 * 1819: Peterloo Massacre in England. Simón Bolívar proclaims the Republic of Gran Colombia. East India Company annexes Singapore.

1820s

 * 1820: Regency period ends in the United Kingdom. Discovery of Antarctica. Electromagnetism discovered.
 * 1821: Death of Napoleon. Independence of Venezuela, Mexico and Central America. Greek War of Independence begins. Navarino Massacre.
 * 1822: Independence of Brazil. The Rosetta Stone enables the decipherment of hieroglyphs. First dinosaurs properly identified.
 * 1823: Monroe Doctrine declared by US President James Monroe.
 * 1824: Premiere of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. First Anglo-Burmese War begins
 * 1825: First isolation of aluminum. Independence of Bolivia. The Stockton and Darlington Railway, the first public railway in the world, is opened.
 * 1826: Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine. Russo-Persian War begins. First Anglo-Burmese War ends with British victory. Much of northeastern India ceded to the British.
 * 1827: Invention of the fountain pen.
 * 1828: Russo-Turkish War (1828-1829) begins. Russo-Persian War ends. Black War begins in Tasmania
 * 1829: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust premieres. Russo-Persian War ends. Greeks are granted autonomy by the Ottoman Empire. First electric motor built. Sir Robert Peel founds the Metropolitan Police Service, the first modern police force.

1830s

 * 1830: Independence of Ecuador from Gran Colombia. French rule in Algeria begins. Mormon Church founded. Belgian Revolution begins. Poles instigate November Uprising against Russia.
 * 1831: Great Bosnian uprising against Ottoman rule occurs. Charles Darwin begins his journey on the HMS Beagle. November Uprising ends with crushing defeat for Poland in the Battle of Warsaw.
 * 1832: Treaty of Constantinople (1832) ends Greek War of Independence. Greece recognised as an independent nation. Last Native American rebellion east of the Mississippi ends with the Bad Axe Massacre. Black War ends with the near-extinction of the Tasmanian aborigines.
 * 1833: Slavery officially abolished in the United Kingdom. Chicago founded.
 * 1834: The Spanish Inquisition is disbanded. Britain amends the Poor Law demanding that any paupers requesting assistance must go to a workhouse.
 * 1835: Texas War of Independence begins. Second Seminole War begins
 * 1836: Battle of the Alamo ends with defeat for Texan separatists. Battle of San Jacinto leads to the capture of General Santa Anna and the formation of the Republic of Texas. Charles Darwin returns to England.
 * 1837: Coronation of Queen Victoria. Telegraphy patented. Charles Dickens publishes Oliver Twist.
 * 1838: By this time, 46,000 Native Americans have been forcibly relocated in the Trail of Tears.
 * 1839: Kingdom of Belgium declared. First First Anglo-Afghan War begins. First Opium War begins.

1840s

 * 1840: Treaty of Waitangi signed in New Zealand. The first postage stamp, the penny black, is issued. The 1840 Act of Union creates the Province of Canada
 * 1841: The word "dinosaur" is coined by Richard Owen
 * 1842: First Anglo-Afghan War ends. First Opium War ends. Treaty of Nanking cedes Hong Kong to the British. Anaesthesia used for the first time.
 * 1843: The first wagon train sets out from Missouri. Short stories A Christmas Carol and The Tell-Tale Heart published.
 * 1844: Bahá'í Faith founded. The Great Auk is rendered extinct. First telegram sent. The match is invented.
 * 1845: Irish potato famine begins. United States annexes Texas. New Zealand Wars with the native Maori begin. The rubber band is invented.
 * 1846: Discovery of Neptune and its moon Triton. Mexican-American War begins.
 * 1847: Creation of Liberia. Salt Lake City founded. The Brontë sisters publish Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey
 * 1848: 1848 revolution. Mexican-American War ends. Mexican Cession incorporates what will eventually become the American Southwest into United States territory. California gold rush begins. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish the Communist Manifesto.
 * 1849: Irish potato famine ends

1850s

 * 1850: Taiping Rebellion begins.
 * 1851: Louis Napoleon assumes power in France in a coup. Great Exhibition at Crystal Palace.
 * 1852: Second Burmese War begins. Uncle Tom's Cabin is published.
 * 1853: Crimean War begins. United States Commodore Matthew C. Perry threatens the Japanese capital Edo with gunships, demanding that they agree to open trade. Second Burmese War ends. Annexation of Lower Burma by the British.
 * 1854: The United Kingdom and France enter the Crimean War. Battle of Balaclava and the Charge of the Light Brigade. Siege of Sevastapol begins. Commodore Perry signs trade agreement with Japan.
 * 1855: Sevastapol falls to British forces.
 * 1856: Crimean War ends. Second Opium War begins. New Zealand becomes self-governing. Neanderthal man first identified.
 * 1857: Indian Rebellion. Invention of the phonautograph, the first true device for recording sound.
 * 1858: Indian Rebellion ends. The British Empire assumes control of India from the East India Company.
 * 1859: Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species. Construction of the Suez Canal begins.

1860s

 * 1860: Treaty of Peking ends the Second Opium War. Guiseppe Garibaldi launches the Expedition of the Thousand
 * 1861: American Civil War begins. Abraham Lincoln becomes President of the United States. Serfdom abolished in Russia.
 * 1862: French gain first foothold in Southeast Asia. Otto von Bismarck becomes Prime Minister of Prussia
 * 1863: Battle of Gettysburg. Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address. Emancipation Proclamation comes into effect in the United States. Construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad begins. First section of the London Underground opens. France annexes Cambodia.
 * 1864:Taiping Rebellion ends after the deaths of 20 million people. War of the Triple Alliance begins. First Geneva Convention. Establishment of the International Red Cross. First condom is manufactured. James Clark Maxwell discovers the laws of electromagnetism. Russian conquest of the Caucasus ends.
 * 1865: American Civil War ends. Abraham Lincoln is assassinated. Lewis Carroll publishes Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Gregor Mendel formulates his laws of inheritance
 * 1866: Austro-Prussian War. First transatlantic telegraph cable is completed. The Russian Empire reaches its greatest extent, stretching from Poland to North America.
 * 1867: Province of Canada formed. Antiseptic surgery first outlined. The United States purchases Alaska from the Russian Empire. The Austrian Empire becomes the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
 * 1868: Ten Years' War begins in Cuba. Meiji Restoration in Japan. Cro-Magnon man first identified.
 * 1869: Creation of the periodic table by Dmitri Mendeleev. First Transcontinental Railroad and Suez Canal are completed

1870s

 * 1870: War of the Triple Alliance ends. Franco-Prussian War begins.
 * 1871: unifications of Germany and Italy. Franco-Prussian War ends. The feudal system is dismantled in Japan. Henry Morton Stanley meets Dr. David Livingstone near Lake Tanganyika.
 * 1872: New Zealand land wars end. Yellowstone National Park, the world's first national park, is established. The first recognised international soccer match, between England and Scotland, is played.
 * 1873: The samurai class is abolished in Japan. Blue jeans and barbed wire are invented.
 * 1874: The Home Rule Movement is established in Ireland.
 * 1875: Treaty of St Petersburg signed between The Russian and Japanese Empires. HMS Challenger surveys the deepest point in the Earth's oceans, the Challenger Deep
 * 1876: First long-distance telephone call by Alexander Graham Bell. Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle is first performed in its entirety. Bulgarians instigate the April Uprising against Ottoman rule. Queen Victoria becomes Empress of India. Serbia and Montenegro declare war on Turkey. Battle of the Little Bighorn.
 * 1877: Russo-Turkish War begins. Crazy Horse surrenders and is later killed. Asaph Hall discovers the moons of Mars. Thomas Edison invents the phonograph
 * 1878: Russo-Turkish War ends. Ten Years' War ends. Second Afghan War begins.
 * 1879: Little War begins in Cuba. Anglo-Zulu War. Thomas Edison tests his first light bulb

1880s

 * 1880: Second Afghan War ends. First Boer War begins. Little War ends.
 * 1881: First Boer War ends. Tsar Alexander II is assassinated. Wave of pogroms begins in the Russian Empire. Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Sitting Bull surrenders.
 * 1882: Anglo-Egyptian War; Egypt comes under British control. Mahdist revolt begins in Sudan. First electrical power plant comes online.
 * 1883: The quagga is rendered extinct. 1883 eruption of Krakatoa is one of the largest in recorded history.
 * 1884: The Berlin Conference begins the Scramble for Africa. Siege of Khartoum. Germany gains control of Camaroon. Mark Twain publishes The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
 * 1885: King Leopold II of Belgium establishes the Congo Free State as a personal fiefdom. Britain establishes a protectorate over Bechuanaland (modern Botswana). Third Anglo-Burmese War.
 * 1886: Burma is presented to Queen Victoria as a birthday gift. Karl Benz sells the first commercial automobile. Construction of the Statue of Liberty
 * 1887: The British Empire takes over Balochistan. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle publishes his first Sherlock Holmes story, A Study in Scarlet.
 * 1888: Jack the Ripper murders occur in London.
 * 1889: Construction of the Eiffel Tower. Vincent van Gogh paints Starry Night. Aspirin patented.

1890s

 * 1890: Italy annexes Eritrea. Independence of Luxembourg. Wounded Knee Massacre. Death of Vincent van Gogh. The cardboard box is invented.
 * 1891: Chilean Civil War
 * 1892: Basketball is invented. Fingerprinting is officially adopted for the first time. Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite premieres in St Petersberg.
 * 1893: US forces overthrow the government of Hawaii. New Zealand becomes the first country to enact women's suffrage
 * 1894: First commercial film release by Jean Aimé Le Roy. First gramophone record. France and the Russian Empire form a military alliance. Dreyfus Affair begins.
 * 1895: Volleyball is invented. Trial of Oscar Wilde and premiere of his play The Importance of Being Earnest. French troops capture Antananarivo in Madagascar. Wilhelm Röntgen identifies x-rays. Cuban War for Independence begins
 * 1896: 1896 Olympic Games, the first modern Olympic Games. Philippine Revolution begins.
 * 1897: Benin Expedition of 1897 loots and burns Benin. Greco-Turkish War.
 * 1898: Beginning of the Boxer Rebellion. Spanish-American War. Philippine Revolution ends. Cuban War for Independence ends.
 * 1899: Second Boer War and Philippine–American War begin. In both wars, the term "concentration camp" comes to prominence, though it had been used earlier by the Spanish in the Ten Years' War. Spanish rule ends in Cuba. Indian famine begins.