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Lithuanian-Muscovite War (1534-1537) also known as Fifth Lithuanian-Muscovite War - War that lasted from August 1534-18 February 1537 between the Kingdom of Poland supported by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania against the Principality of Moscow. It ended with a peace agreement signed in Moscow on 18 February 1537.

Prelude
In March 1532, Maciej Janowicz and Wasyl Czyż arrived in Moscow. They demanded the return of Smolensk (which became Russian after the Fourth Lithuanian–Muscovite War) under the condition that they would sign perpetual peace with the Principality of Moscow.

On the 25th of December 1532 the deadline for the six-year armistice between the Principality of Moscow and Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania expired. It was extended to 25 December 1533. Grand Prince of Moscow Vasili III of Russia began preparations for a new operation aiming to capture Kiev. However, he soon died and the rule of Moscow was taken over by his wife Elena Glinskaya, who held the regency on behalf of Ivan the Terrible due to him being a minor.

King Sigismund I the Old decided to go to war with the Principality of Moscow with the aim of recapturing Smolensk (which became Russian after the Fourth Lithuanian–Muscovite War) and Severia (which became Russian after the Second Muscovite-Lithuanian War). In February 1534, he got consent from the Sejm of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to carry out military operations against the Principality of Moscow. The Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in Piotrków Trybunalski also passed new resolutions for the recruitment of people into the army. Pospolite ruszenie of the Lithuanian nobility was called for in Minsk on the 23rd of May 1534.

1534 Campaign
Moscow's troops carried out an operation in the area of Smolensk. However, they stopped their march as they were threatened by Crimean Tatars working with the Poles. At the beginning of August, two voivodes Ivan Lacki and Semyon Ivanovich crossed over to the Lithuanian side with their troops. The Grand Hetman of Lithuania, Jerzy Radziwiłł, became the commander-in-chief of the strong Lithuanian army consisting of around 40,000 troops.

These units were divided into three corps (including one defensive corp) operating in two directions of the operations. On August 19, the corps of the Kiev voivode Andrzej Niemirowicz and Wasyl Czyż attacked the Severia region. At the same time, the corps of Iwan Wiśniowiecki and Andrzej Kowerski set off towards Smolensk. The reserves under the command of Jerzy Radziwiłł remained in Mogilev.