User:Sfconrad/draft Ann Henshaw Gardiner

http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/findingaids/gardiner/

"Guide to the Ann Henshaw Gardiner Papers, 1753-1970. Collection Overview.

The Ann Henshaw Gardiner Papers begin in the early years of the settlement of Berkeley County, Virginia, with two pioneer families, those of Captain William Henshaw of Springfield Mills, Mill Creek, and of William Snodgrass of Clifton Mills, Back Creek. Both groups married into other prominent families of the region, so that their papers furnish two hundred years of local history and genealogical material for Berkeley County. The Andersons, the Verdiers, the Turners, the Evanses, the McConnells, the Pendletons, the Robinsons, and the Rawlingses, among others, appear throughout the collection.

By 1814, the correspondence is centered in Robert Snodgrass and his brother Stephen. As Berkeley County produced wheat in abundance, the sale of flour from its mills became increasingly important. The Henshaws of Mill Creek in particular left records of sales of large quantities of flour on the Alexandria and Baltimore markets. The Snodgrasses in this period were also milling although their records are not as numerous for their sales.

Both the Henshaws and the Snodgrasses were involved in the political affairs of Berkeley County. Levi Henshaw (1769-1843) was a gentleman justice of the peace, captain of militia, a member of the county court and of the Virginia House of Delegates, and sheriff in 1840. Robert Verdier Snodgrass (1792-1861) was commissioner of county revenue, a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, and colonel of the 67th Regiment of Virginia Militia. Their papers reflect these offices, both in the correspondence and in the legal papers. Levi Henshaw (1815-1896) married Sarah Ann, the daughter of Robert Verdier Snodgrass, thus uniting the papers of both families.

Berkeley County was an agricultural community, whose conditions were reflected in references to slaves in estates, as runaways, and for sale or hire.

Henshaw papers predominate after 1865. Business is dull; the collection of money, difficult.

The first William Henshaw (1736-1799) in Berkeley County had married Agnes Anderson. William was the son of Nicholas Henshaw who came from Philadelphia to Berkeley County; thus Nicholas is the settler, William the first of that home. In 1886 correspondence begins about the history of the Anderson family; letters continue into the twentieth century.

By the 1890's Valley of Virginia Henshaw and her sisters, Mabel and Francis Little Henshaw, begin to write letters about genealogical matters; in particular, the Rawlings family is the subject of great interest.

Mabel Henshaw married Dr. Samuel H. Gardiner. Her concern for history led her to teach at Shepherd College, Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, W. Va., where she also served as librarian. Mrs. Gardiner was a district chairman of the West Virginia Equal Suffrage Association with correspondence in 1915 and 1916 which reveals the methods women were using to insure the passage of the woman suffrage amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

The daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Gardiner, Miss Ann Henshaw Gardiner, historian, scientist, and teacher, founded nursing education at the Duke University Hospital in 1930.

Between 1926 and 1930, Mrs. Mabel Gardiner wrote to many friends who remembered details of family weddings in the mid-nineteenth century.

The heart of the Ann Henshaw Gardiner Papers is the collection of legal papers which date from 1763. Both the Snodgrasses and the Henshaws as justices of the peace and county office holders were involved in a great deal of legal business through the ions. A grouping of legal papers for both families is followed by special sections on land surveys, on estate settlements, and on militia.

With such long family histories in Berkeley County, it was to be expected that descendants of the Henshaws and Snodgrasses should turn to writing the history of their section of Virginia. Valley of Virginia Henshaw was a leader of the Daughters of the American Revolution in Berkeley and throughout West Virginia. Her sisters, Mabel and Frances, were in Martinsburg by 1916. They were the children of Levi Henshaw II and Sarah Ann, the daughter of Robert Verdier Snodgrass.

Mabel (Henshaw) Gardiner wrote a thesis on the history of Martinsburg in 1930 for the degree of Master of Arts at the University of West Virginia. This work was developed into Chronicles of Old Berkeley by Mrs. Gardiner in collaboration with her daughter, Ann Henshaw Gardiner. Published in 1938, this history is based on the Ann H. Gardiner Papers and contains the diaries which Captain Levi and Hiram Henshaw kept on trips to Kentucky, ca. 1828-1830.

Ann Henshaw Gardiner graduated from Shepherd College and went into training in nursing at the Massachusetts General Hospital. She saw service in World War I in a United States Army base hospital in France (U.S. Base Hospital NO. 6). In 1927 she wrote her thesis "The Development of the External Form of the Squid Embryo," at Kansas State Agricultural College for the degree of Master of Science. With the manuscripts of this work are pamphlets and papers of Francis Noyes Balch on Cephalopods.

At the end of the papers are two albums and two manuscript histories of the first ten years of the Duke University School of Nursing. Pictures, programs, invitations, and clippings in the first album document the beginning of the nursing program in 1930. In the second album are photographs of nursing and laboratory classes

A number of letters, poems, and pamphlets unmounted in albums, conclude the nursing papers On December 27, 1934, the Duke University School of Nursing Alumnae Association was organized with a constitution. A reprint from the Southern Medical Association Journal contains the speeches made in April, 1931, at the dedication of the Medical School. Among the pictures are a number of photographs of members of the various classes of the Nursing School. The Henshaw family is well illustrated by pictures of individuals, their homes, and antique furnishlngs. For further details on this collection, see F. Vernon Aler, History of Martinsburg and Berkeley County, West Vlrginia; Willis F. Evans, History of Berkeley County West Virginia; and A. H. and M. H. Gardiner, Chronicles of Old Berkeley.

119 items and 9 vols., added 5-30-71, are letters, financial and legal papers, and scrapbooks and albums of the Henshaw, Snodgrass, and Gardiner families. Manuscripts of the early nineteenth century pertain to the settlement of estates, land transactions, and the hiring of Negro slaves and their deposition. The volumes center in nine scrapbooks and albums - five of which contain post cards of France and all of which are illustrative of the career of Miss Gardiner.

1 item and 1 cassette tape added, 1-24-73: Copies of the address Miss Gardiner gave at the fortieth anniversary banquet of the Alumni Association of the Nursing School of the Duke Medical Center, April 10, 1970.

Description from the Duke University. David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library Manuscript Card Catalog."

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"William Henshaw Chapter honors local woman. March 28, 2013. journal-news.net.

The William Henshaw Chapter, National Society Daughters of the American Revolution, has named the late Ann Henshaw Gardiner a notable woman in American history. Each year in March, selected women are honored during national "Women in History" month for their unique qualities and accomplishments.

Miss Gardiner was born in Hedgesville July 30, 1890, the daughter of Mabel Henshaw and Isaac Henry Gardiner. She is best remembered locally as the Director of Nursing Education at King's Daughters and City Hospitals, a position she held for about 22 years until her retirement in 1967. Miss Gardiner's students speak fondly of her wealth of knowledge, excellent instruction and dedication to their success.

The selection of Miss Gardiner was based upon not one, but many achievements. She founded nursing education at Duke University in North Carolina in 1931. When the School of Nursing opened its doors, she was there, the first Professor of Nursing. Nursing students at Duke today study under a woman who is an "Ann Henshaw Gardiner Distinguished Professor." This seat was among the first of Duke's distinguished professorships. Visible reminders on campus of Miss Gardiner's contributions to nursing education at Duke are the "Ann Henshaw Nursing Home Wing," and her portrait hanging on the wall inside the building.

A notable genealogist and historian, Miss Gardiner left behind a significant collection of papers of local interest. Duke University acquired "The Ann Henshaw Gardiner Papers, 1753-1970" and made them available for research. The collection consists of 3,588 items containing 200 years of genealogy and local history. Families included are Henshaw, Snodgrass, Anderson, Verdier, Turner, Evans, McConnell, Pendleton, Robinson, Rawlings and others. Original documents are in the collection. Family wills, estate settlements, diaries, account books, bills and receipts, bounty land claims, military records, family scrapbooks, notebooks and other materials are valuable resources for historians researching their families or Berkeley County and West Virginia history. Manuscripts of the first ten years of the nursing school are also in the collection.

Miss Gardiner reorganized and added material to original work done by her mother, Mabel, and their book, "Chronicles of Old Berkeley, A Narrative History of a Virginia County from Its Beginnings to 1926," was published in 1938.

A graduate of Shepherd University, Ann Henshaw Gardiner entered nurse's training at Massachusetts General Hospital, where, by the time of graduation, she was head nurse on the children's ward. From 1914 to 1917, during World War I, she was an Army nurse at the United States Base Hospital in Bordeaux, France. Her niece, Mary-Ann Gardiner, relates that, "She did a lot of nursing for minorities when others would not." On October 27, 2012, the chapter honored Miss Gardiner for her military service. A bugle call and gun salute by the Veterans Combined Honor Guard of Martinsburg, and the unveiling of a military medallion on her grave marker, were highlights of the ceremony.

After the war, Miss Gardiner studied medicine and science at the University of Washington in Seattle, and became a member of the Pre-Medic Honor Society. She received a graduate fellowship in the Department of Zoology at Kansas State Agricultural College, where she studied for a Master's Degree. She exhibited material from her thesis at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The subject was "The Development of the External Form of the Squid Embryo."

In addition to her formal education, Miss Gardiner's extensive travel may have contributed to the "wealth of information" she brought to the classroom. She is known to have driven round-trip across the United States 12 times, to have visited every country in South America; toured in Africa and all the countries of the Near East; many in the Far East; the South Seas, South Pacific, and most of the countries in Europe.

Miss Gardiner died October 3, 1982. She was buried in the family plot at Rosedale Cemetery. During her lifetime, she created a better world for herself and for future generations. The William Henshaw Chapter celebrated her selection as a unique "Woman in American History" with an invitational tea March 2. Miss Gardiner was a direct descendant of William Henshaw and a dedicated member of the chapter."

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"WWI nurse receives military memorial after 30 years. October 28, 2012. By Samantha Cronk - Journal staff writer (scronk@journal-news.net), journal-news.net.

MARTINSBURG - In tribute of a life not forgotten, friends and family proved that it is never too late to honor a legacy, as 30 years after her death, Ann Henshaw Gardiner was given a military memorial service in honor of her work in World War I.

Born in Hedgesville, Gardiner, 1890-1982, was an Army nurse in World War I from 1917-1919, serving at an U.S. Army base hospital with Unit No. 6 of the Massachusetts General Hospital in France.

Family and members of the William Henshaw Daughters of the American Revolution Martinsburg Chapter honored Gardiner's memory at Rosedale Cemetery with a military memorial service, attended by the Veterans Combined Honor Guard, where a military medallion was attached to her cemetery marker. Article Photos

Journal photo by Samantha Cronk Thirty years after her death, Ann Henshaw Gardiner are honored with a military memorial service for her two years as an Army nurse during World War I. Helping honor Gardiner are her niece Mary Ann Gardiner, and Mary’s son, Jonathan Waddell.

"When there was the war, there was a lot of need being called up, and she knew where she could could. When servicing the military, she was actually a nurse for the African Americans. She did a lot of nursing to the minorities in the war when others wouldn't," said Mary Ann Gardiner, Ann Gardiner's niece and namesake.

Mary traveled with her family from North Carolina to witness Ann's legacy being honored through a military memorial, and was presented with an American flag by an active military member. The Veterans Combined Honor Guard also performed a bugle call and performed a gun salute.

Gardiner continued her passion for medicine throughout her life, studying, practicing and teaching nursing until she retired in 1967. Some of her accomplishments include starting the School of Nursing at Duke University in 1931 and co-writing a book with her mother on the history of Berkeley County from its origins to 1926.

Gardiner's aunt Vallie Virginia Henshaw founded the William Henshaw DAR chapter, of which Gardiner was a member. Several of the members in the DAR chapter were nursing students who learned under Gardiner, including Ruth Martin.

"She was an excellent teacher, and we learned a lot from her. Her wealth of knowledge that she shared with us followed us all our lives. We were really lucky to have her (as a teacher)," Martin said.

Martin was the one who began the three-year campaign to have Gardiner's cemetery marker accompanied by a military medallion in recognition of her service.

"She was quite a lady," Martin said."