User:Sgeld002/sandbox

 (The parts I added and edited are italicized and underlined) 

= Sex verification in sports = Sex verification in sports (also known as gender verification, or loosely as gender determination or a sex test) is the issue of verifying the eligibility of an athlete to compete in a sporting event that is limited to a single sex. The issue has arisen multiple times in the Olympic games and other sporting competitions where it has been alleged that male athletes attempted to compete as women, or that a woman has an intersex condition giving an alleged unfair advantage.

The first mandatory sex test issued by the IAAF for woman athletes was in July 1950 in the month before the European Championships in Belgium. All athletes were tested in their own countries. Sex testing at the games began at the 1966 European Athletics Championships in response to suspicion that several of the best women athletes from the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe were actually men. At the Olympics, testing was introduced in 1968.

"Initially, sex verification took the form of physical examinations. It subsequently evolved into chromosome testing, and later testosterone testing. It is not always a simple case of checking for XX vs. XY chromosomes, or sex hormone levels, to determine whether an athlete is unambiguously a woman or a man. Fetuses start out as undifferentiated, and the SRY gene, which is most often - but not always - located on the Y chromosome, turns on a variety of hormones that differentiate the baby as a male. Sometimes this does not occur, and people with two X chromosomes can develop hormonally or phenotypically as a male, and people with an X and a Y can develop hormonally or  phenotypically  as a female.

History
"As with previous forms of sex testing, testosterone testing has been regarded as humiliating, unnecessary and discriminatory. Katrina Karkazis, Rebecca Jordan-Young, Georgiann Davis and Silvia Camporesi argued that the new IAAF policies on hyperandrogenism in female athletes will not protect against breaches of privacy, will require athletes to undergo unnecessary treatment in order to compete, and will intensify  "gender policing" . In fact, the rate at which high-performing female athletes are seen to have the Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome is much higher than the general population which is about 1 in 20,000-50,000, whereas with elite athletes it is 1 in 429. They recommend that athletes be able to compete in accordance with their legal gender."

"Policies on hyperandrogenism were suspended following the case of Dutee Chand v. Athletics Federation of India (AFI) & The International Association of Athletics Federations, in the Court of Arbitration for Sport, decided in July 2015. Chand had been dropped from the 2014 Commonwealth Games at the last minute after the Athletic Federation of India stated that hyperandrogenism made her ineligible to compete as a female athlete. The ruling found that there was insufficient evidence that testosterone increased female athletic performance." '' Research suggests that women athletes with "Differences of Sexual Development (DSD)" have an advantage in relation to others who do not have DSD, when they participate in their events. '' In doing so the court suspended the practice of hyperandrogenism regulation used by the IAAF. The practice will be declared void if the organization fails to present better evidence by July 2017.

"In November 2015, the IOC held a meeting to address both its hyperandrogenism and transgender policies. In regards to hyperadrogenism in female athletes, the IOC encouraged reinstatement of the IAAF policies suspended by the Court of Arbitration for Sport. It also repeated an earlier policy statement that, to "avoid discrimination, if not eligible for female competition the athlete should be eligible to compete in male competition". In February 2016, it was made known that the IOC would not introduce its own policies that would impose a maximum testosterone level for the 2016 Summer Olympics." '' On November 1st of 2018 the IAAF made a new set of criteria in regards to "Differences of Sexual Development" for female athletes competing in the following races: 400m, 800m, 1 mile, hurdles, and events that include a combination of these distances. Female athletes who have testosterone levels that are equal to or exceeds 5 nmol/L or are "androgen sensitive" and wants to participate in any of the above mentioned events on the global level or set an international record in one of these events must legally be female or intersex, must get their testosterone levels below 5nmol/L for a consecutive six months and ensure their levels stay below this level. This new regulations wiped out all the previous rules that were implemented in regards to women who are known to have Hyperandrogenism. ''

Ethics related to sex verification
'' The way Caster Semenya's gender verification case was treated ignite an ethical aspect to the track & field sport. ''

Relevancy of Information
Everything is relevant in the article and there is no distracting information. However, the article is difficult to understand, especially the part talking about the "United States Law."

Information Out of Date/ Missing Information
No information is out of date, because the history page shows that an edit was made to the "United States Law" on March 4, 2019. However, there is some information missing. The article only speaks about laws related to Commercial bribery in the United States, it does not refer to laws related to this topic in other nations. Additionally, although the article mentions a few states in the United States that forbids commercial bribery it only elaborates on the law in New York. Even in this case, the information provided about New York's commercial bribery law is very limited. The article also just mentions a few of the states that clearly forbids commercial bribery, it does not refer to all the states in the United States that prohibits it.

Improvements to be made
Laws related to commercial bribery in regards to other nations can be added. There could be reference to the laws of all the states in the United States that prohibits commercial bribery. Furthermore, the article could be written in a more simplistic manner to ensure that people, who are not in the law field, can understand it better.

Neutrality of Article
The article was neutral. No biased claims were made. The article stated the fact and got to the point.

Over-represented/Underrepresented Information
There are no over-represented or underrepresented viewpoints but there are underrepresented and over-represented information. For example, only New York's law in regards to commercial bribery is elaborated on. There is no elaboration on laws from other states or reference to laws from other countries.

Working Links and Relevancy of Source to Article
The links work when clicked on them. However, the source links I specifically checked did not take a person to a direct link of the information cited, which makes it difficult for the reader or another editor the determine the reliability or the resonance of the information of the Wikipedia article and the source used. I was unable to determine whether the source supports the claims since I was not taken to a direct link of the source. Additionally, the second reference link indicates that the link is omitting a title.

Reliable Sources and Neutrality of Sources
All the sources sources seem reliable, except the first reference to "Black's Law Dictionary" because it only takes you to another Wikipedia page not a reliable source. Reference ten is also not reliable because it takes you to a non-profit organization not a scholarly source or an official law. The links that are reliable comes from neutral. Although the information to the links that takes us to other Wikipedia pages might include neutral and non-biased information, it cannot be considered as a reliable source because it is not a scholarly article. Non-profit organizations can be biased, that is why I think the link to the non-profit organization website is not neutral either.

Talk Page
How Representation of Article is Communicated on Talk Page

The talk page consists of one editors thoughts. This editor mainly talks about the right way to edit the page and to respond to the edits. The editor also refers to changes he/she made to a source.

Article Rate and Accompanied Wiki-projects

The article is rated as a "start-class" article with "low-importance." The article is a part of the "WikiProject Law."

Differences in Discussion of Article between Wikipedia and IDH 3035

Wikipedia talks more about the legal aspects of commercial bribery where in IDH 3035 we referred more to the ethical side of bribery in general.

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