User:Shaabuu7/sandbox

MANAGEMENT

Management is essential for running an organization and even for an organized life of an individual. It can be described a set of instructions and guidelines designed by a group of people essential for an organization to be successful and achieve its objectives. This applies for a business, a non profit organization, a government body. It includes the activities of setting the strategy for running and organization and implementing the information and guidelines to the employees of a certain organization for achieving the company target by efficient application of available resources which may include the financial, technological and even the human resource of an organization. The people who manages the organization by providing these strategies and the set of instructions are known as “managers”. Theoretically management is defined as the people who design an organisations structure and determine how different aspects of the organization will interact to it. When designing an organization, the managers usually considers the characteristics like flexibility, acceptability and economy. For designing every different components of an organization, different level of management participates. Creation of initial organizational structure and architecture is done by the upper management. The managerial process can be described as, anticipating the potential problems and making plans on how to tackle the problems, coordinating and allocating the available resources and the implementation on how to effieciently use the available resources in achieving the company objectives and goals and also in reviewing the results obtained and making necessary changes to it. This managerial process can help the managers increase organisations effectiveness and efficiency. Where, the effectiveness is the ability to produce the desired result and efficiency is the usage of least possible amount of the resources available to get the work done. No matter what type of an organization it may be the job of a manager is almost same. To be exact, managers coordinate th available resources effieciently and effectively to achieve the goals of an organization, In essence managers get the job done through other people. the managers are generally responsible for a group of individuals performance. As the leaders of an organization, managers must encourage the group of employees or the people working under him to achieve the company objectives. To achieve the company objectives and goals, the managers not only use their human resources but also the other available resources for them such as the raw materials, the technology etc. Managers should be the one who should be guiding the employees under them, so ultimately if the team fails to meet the company standards, it should be the manager who should be bearing the responsibilities that is the ultimate job as a manager, “The Responsibility”. Foe every organization, particularly for a larger one, the managers are differentiated into three different levels as the, Top level or the Senior managers, Middle level or the Middle managers and Lower level or the Lower managers. •	Top level or the Senior managers : These includes the people who are standing on the top of a company such as, the president, CEO (Chief Executive Officer) and the members of the boards od directors. They are the ones who ensures that major performance objectives are established and accomplished. These Top level managers are responsible for the performance of an organization as a whole or working in a significant part of an organization. They also makes the strategic plans and make decisions on how the whole organization must operate. •	Middle level or the Middle managers : These level includes the people such as the branch managers, regional managers, section managers and department managers. Middle managers work directly under the top level managers and report to the top managers and are in charge of larger departments of an organization consisting of several smaller departments. The main job of the middle manager is to communicate with the front line manager about the strategic plans set out by the senior managers. •	Lower level or Lower managers : These level includes, front line team leaders and supervisors, they are in charge of smaller work units basically consists of hands on workers. They ensures that their team and units meet the performance objectives set out the senior managers and provide the direction of the work as per the company regulations and guidelines. Accordig to Fayol, Management consists of five functions 1.	Planning (Strategic planning of action) 2.	Organizing ( Organizing resources to achieve goals) 3.	Commanding (putting the right talent in the right place) 4.	Coordinating ( Guiding and directing activities) 5.	Controlling ( Controlling Success systems)

•	Planning : Planning is the process of evaluating the goals and objectives of an organization and then setting a plan of action. Managers evaluates the existing activities and goals and then schedules the activities and plan of action that will lead in achieving the company goals and objectives and they are also responsible in identifying the problems and designing a strategic plan on overcoming the problems. •	Organizing : It is the process in bringing the available resources together to achieve the company goals and objectives. Managers are in charge on assigning the specific work to the specific persons who are more specialized in the given areas of work. It is also important for the managers to priorotize which resources are essential at any given timr. •	Commanding : The managers and higher ups are responsible in identifying the key staff positions and to ensure that the proper talent is put in to the line of work. Because, when a business is short handed, it reduces the company or organisations ability to meet the costumer satisfaction and it also overwhelms the existing employees of an organization. Once the right people are assigned for the right work structure, they should be provided with training and monitoring performance. And the managers should be able to develop talent within the organization and identify those who are ready for the promotion. •	Coordinating : Coordinating is creating a structure in which an organisations goals and objectives can be accomplished. Directing activities is an important function for an organization to be successful. Informing staff on their work and also when is the responsibility of a manager of an organization. This is not only about assigning the employees with a specific tasks but also motivating them. •	Controlling : Controlling is checking all the progress made by the company against its plans and objectives and also all the processes that the managers create for monitoring success. This functions requires the managers to make a performance standards and measure the actual performance against it and providing certain plans to overcome the problem that may rise in between.

Most organizational structure falls into one of four types: Pyramids/hierarchies, commities/juries, matrix organization and ecologies 1.	Pyramids : An organization using a pyramidal or hierarchy structure has a leader who bears all the responsibilities and makes all the decisions for the betterment of an organization. Like the infrastructure of a pyramid, this structure needs a strong base with sufficient capable employees to support various levels of management so that the organization doesn’t fall apart of its goals and objectives. 2.	Committee : Juries or the committees consists of groups of people who decides collectively sometimes by the number of votes, on how to run an organization, its strategic plans and how to implement them. 3.	Matrix organization : In the organization which follows the matrix structure, the employees are divided in to two different reporting lines, each with different superior officer representing a different hierarchy. Out of which one hierarchy is completely functional and focuses on assuring the employees are well trained and also guided by the superiors who are highly qualified and skilled, As the other hierarchy is executive and works in order to bring certain projects to the completion 4.	Ecology : For the organization that follows ecology structure, each business unit represents an individual profits and also holds the workers responsible for their specific unit’s profitability. These kind of organization are tend to get an immense competition, as all the employees are paid only on the amount of work they have done. In an ecology organization or business, measurable objectives and goals that are clearly defined are critical on achieving the company objectives and goals.