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Dear Zoe is an epistolary, young-adult novel by the American writer Philip Beard.[1] which was first published in 2004. The narrator is fifteen-year-old Tess DeNunzio, who writes to her younger sister Zoe about her experiences after Zoe died. The novel is set in 2002 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and follows Tess’s first year of high school.

It tells the story of 15-year-old Tess DeNunzio, who is wracked by guilt after losing her half-sister in a hit-and-run accident on the day of the September 11 attacks. The novel was selected by Booklist, a magazine of the American Library Association, as one of the ten best first novels of 2005.[2]

When Beard originally wrote this novel, he was advised by a friend to change the format from epistolary to first person. After he made these changes and sent the manuscript to publisher, the manuscript was rejected several times. It was not until he changed it back to being an epistolary novel that he was published. Beard had a hard time publishing Dear Zoe. After being rejected so many times, he decided to self publish. While he was in the process of self-publishing, he went to a bookstore near his house that his friend owned. His friend and owner of the bookstore gave a copy of his manuscript to a publisher at Penguin Books. The rest is history and Penguin Books published Dear Zoe. The reception of Dear Zoe has been amazing. It appeared in several best book lists and the American Library Association named it one of the best books in 2005, the book has been reviewed and read by many. Since this novel was published, Beard has published two more books. While his other books are different, the one thing they all have in common is the theme of family dynamics. His other two books are Swing and Lost in the Garden. These books are marketed toward adults.

Background
Beard who did not start writing until later in life was a lawyer first. He took inspiration for Tess’s character from his own stepdaughter who was Tess’s age when he first started writing. Beard first started writing this novel before 9/11 happened. The death of Zoe was not planned until after 9/11. All Beard had originally planned was for Tess to go live with her biological family. The events of 9/11 inspired him to wonder how many other people died on that day that seemed to be forgotten about. Thus Beard’s first novel was created. Beard had said in an interview that this book was emotional draining to write. Once he was finished writing the book, Beard found it difficult to publish. His friend who owned a local bookstore gave his manuscript to a representative from Penguin Books. This representative gave the book to VIking, who contacted Beard about publishing it. After this Beard was published and Dear Zoe took off. [3] The writing of Dear Zoe was very emotional for Beard but came naturally. The names of the chapters came along later in the book. At first they were just numbered chapter but soon switched it. Some of the chapters were more difficult to name. Beard tried to find the heart of each chapter in the novel to name the chapter. Writing in the voice of a fifteen year old came easier to Beard. The hardest part of writing he said was to keep 9/11 in the background and not overwhelming. Beard took inspiration from his own family life and stepdaughter.

Plot
The story begins with 15-year-old Tess Denuizo who is remembering how they named her sister. Tess gives insight about her family in the first chapter. The reader learns that Tess has two sisters that are only her half sisters and David is her stepfather. Her real father is a mess according to the narrator. Tess talks about how her relationship with David is much different from her two sisters. By the third chapter the reader learns that something happened to her sister Zoe. It has been almost year since something terrible happened. She talks a lot about how the family has been coping. The family attends therapy and tries to get through the death of Zoe, but things have been hard. Tess’s mom has become very depressed and was once the leader of the house, but now David and Tess does everything around the house. Tess learns that her mother might have been sleeping with Justin, a young man who works at the store that is down the street from their house. After this event, Tess decides to move in with her biological father. She starts to adapt to her new living arrangements and has a hard time knowing she left her sister Em, who is much younger than her. She goes to see her at school and promises to see her every week.

Themes
Tess uses the letters to work through some deep issues that surfaced from the death of Zoe. Some of the key themes have been going on before Zoe's death. By writing to Zoe, Tess eventually have closure and accept her sister's death. One theme is conflict. Tess has conflicts between Zoe's death and 9/11, her birth dad and step dad and half sister and real sister. Fate, Guilt, Escape, Holding On,

There are many conflicts that go on in the novel. The first major one is the tragedy of 9/11 and Zoe’s death. Zoe happened to die on 9/11 but not from the terrorist attacks. This issue is something that the main character Tess often brings up. Another opposite conflict that Tess often compares is David and her dad Nick. She constantly brings up the differences between them. In addition, she brings up the biological divide between her and her sisters. The many other themes of the books are fate, guilt, escaping and not being able to move on. The theme of fate is brought up a lot in this novel. Guilt is a theme that dominates most of the novel. The reader does not find out what happens to Zoe until the end but guilt is an underlying theme for Tess. She feels guilty not only for Zoe’s death but also for leaving her other sister Emily home while she lives at her dads. Which is the next theme of the book, escaping. Tess escapes from her reality by moving in with her biological father. Tess also escapes with drugs. She experiments with marijuana with the next-door neighbor, Jimmy Freeze. Although the book span is over a year, all the characters are not able to move on from the death of Zoe.

Publication and reviews
Dear Zoe was first published in 2002 by Penguin. Dear Zoe were originally written and marketed for adults but after appearing on the American Library Association’s list, it became a novel for young adults. The novel has had a lot of positive reception and reviews. Booklist named it one of the Ten Best First Novels of the Year. The School Library Journal named it one of the “Best Books of 2005” in the category of “Best Adult Books for High School Students”. Dear Zoe has great reviews from notable publishers and websites like the BookList, The Washington Post, Entertainment Weekly, and Publisher’s Weekly.