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'''Cognitive biases article : https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias'''

''' Feedback: Does my work sound “professional”/ wiki worthy? '''

Types[edit]
Biases can be distinguished on a number of dimensions. Examples include:


 * Biases specific to groups (such as the risky shift) versus biases at the individual level.
 * Biases that affect decision-making, where the desirability of options has to be considered (e.g., sunk costs fallacy).
 * Biases, such as illusory correlation, that affect judgment of how likely something is or whether one thing is the cause of another.
 * Biases that affect memory, such as consistency bias (remembering one's past attitudes and behaviour as more similar to one's present attitudes).
 * Biases that reflect a subject's motivation, for example, the desire for a positive self-image leading to egocentric bias and the avoidance of unpleasant cognitive dissonance.

Other biases are due to the particular way the brain perceives, forms memories and makes judgments. This distinction is sometimes described as "hot cognition" versus "cold cognition", as motivated reasoning can involve a state of arousal. Among the "cold" biases,


 * some are due to ignoring relevant information (e.g., neglect of probability),
 * some involve a decision or judgment being affected by irrelevant information (for example the framing effect where the same problem receives different responses depending on how it is described; or the distinction bias where choices presented together have different outcomes than those presented separately), and
 * others give excessive weight to an unimportant but salient feature of the problem (e.g., anchoring).

The fact that some biases reflect motivation, specifically the motivation to have positive attitudes to oneself, accounts for the fact that many biases are self-serving or self-directed (e.g., illusion of asymmetric insight, self-serving bias). There are also biases in how subjects evaluate in-groups or out-groups; evaluating in-groups as more diverse and "better" in many respects, even when those groups are arbitrarily defined (ingroup bias, outgroup homogeneity bias).

Some cognitive biases belong to the subgroup of attentional biases, which refers to paying increased attention to certain stimuli. It has been shown, for example, that people addicted to alcohol and other drugs pay more attention to drug-related stimuli. Common psychological tests to measure those biases are the Stroop task and the dot probe task.

Individuals' susceptibility to some types of cognitive biases can be measured by the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) developed by Frederick (2005).*

* The test is meant to test how cognition and intuition work against each other in decision making. Today, Frederick's work is highly regarded as it analyzes how one makes conclusions based contrasting scenarios. By interpreting the brains process of decision making and processing information, Frederick shows how one is able to use the knowledge they mentally absorbed into physical actions.

Luka and Vandi: Good positioning of your information fits in very nice with whats going on in the text. Looks like information is beneficial to the text also
 Sources:  https://umbrella.lib.umb.edu/permalink/f/14l5fq3/TN_elsevier_sdoi_10_1016_j_jad_2017_07_034

https://medium.com/the-mission/nobel-prize-winning-psychologist-explains-the-cognitive-biases-that-lead-to-bad-decisions-74a729e98cc9

https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-cognitive-bias-2794963

https://www.behavioraleconomics.com/resources/mini-encyclopedia-of-be/cognitive-bias/

https://www.nap.edu/read/19017/chapter/7