User:Shridhar D. Pawar

Progressive Research – An International Journal                   Society for Scientific  Development       Print ISSN : 0973-6417, Online ISSN : 2454-6003      in Agriculture and Technology       Volume 10 (Special-IV) : 2173-2174 (2015)                 Meerut (U.P.) INDIA

EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOYB EAN

O.V. Barule, B.N. Aglave, S.D. Pawar, A.A. Sunewad

Vilasrao Deshmukh College of Agricul tural Biotechnology, Latur (MS) 413 512

ABSTRACT

The field experiment was conducted on research farm of Vilasrao Deshmukh College of Agricultural Biotechnology, Latur to study the effects of biofertizers on growth yield and nodulation of summer soybean. Application of RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (L) (T6) recorded significantly higher growth, yield and quality contributing characters followed by application of RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (P) (T5) and RDF + Rhizobium (P) + PSB (L) (T4).

Key words : Soy bean, Biofertilizers, Rhizobium, PSB.

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) is a leguminous crop and belongs to family leguminoaceae with sub family papilionaceae. It is an excellent health food and contains quality protein (40%), carbohydrates (23%) and cholesterol free oil (20%). Soybean protein is rich in valuable amino acid, lysine (5%) which is deficient in most of the cereals. Soybean is the cheapest source of proteins and it is called “Poor man’s meat”. The prices of fertilizers are increasing day by day and therefore, it is necessary to reduce the cost of fertilizers by using Rhizobium and PSB inoculation to increase yield of legume crops. Biofertilizers cannot replace chemical fertilizers, but certainly are capable of reducing their input. Hence the present investigation was carried out. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, Vilasrao Deshmukh College of Agricultural Biotechnology, Latur in the summer season of 2014. The soil of the experimental site was deep, black in colour with good drainage. The chemical composition of the soil indicated that the soil was low in available nitrogen (225 kg/ha), medium in available phosphorus (15.82 kg/ha), very high in available potassium (526 kg/ha) and alkaline in reaction having pH 8.17. Eight treatments comprising of RDF + Rhizobium (Powder form) (T1), RDF + Rhizobium (Liquid form) (T2), RDF + Rhizobium (Powder form) + PSB (Powder form) (T3), RDF + Rhizobium (Powder form) + PSB (Liquid form) (T4), RDF + Rhizobium (Liquid form) + PSB (Powder form) (T5), RDF + Rhizobium (Liquid form) + PSB (Liquid form) (T6), RDF (30 : 60 : 30 NPK kg/ha) (T7), Un-inoculated and un-fertilized (Control) (T8) were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The cultivar MAUS-81 was sown on 15th February, 2014. Row to row distance was maintained at 45 cm and plant to plant distance was maintained at 5 cm. The gross plot size was 5.40 m x 3.60 m. Seeds were treated with the respective treatments of biofertilizers before sowing. NPK @ 30 : 60 : 30 kg/ha was applied in the form of Urea, Single Super Phosphate and Muriate of Potash at the time of sowing.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Growth and development : The effect of different treatments on plant height was found to be significant and the higher plant height was recorded by the application of RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (L) (T6) (35.05 cm) as compared to other treatments. The increase in growth attributes may be due to better uptake and translocation of plant nutrients to growing plants, but it was found to be at par with application of RDF + Rhizobium (P) + PSB (L) (T4) and RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (P) (T5). Similar kinds of observations were recorded by Nagaraju and Mohankumar, (2010). The application of RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (L) (T6) recorded higher mean leaf area per plant (12.52 dm2) and it was at par with the application of RDF Rhizobium (P)+ PSB (P) (T3), RDF + Rhizobium (P) + PSB (L) (T4) and RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (P) (T5) at every stage of the crop growth. Thus it might be due to seed treatment with biofertilizers to plant which resulted in vigorous growth, resulted in higher number of leaves and leaf area. Mean number of branches were influenced significantly by various treatments under study and application of RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (L) (T6)  recorded higher mean number of branches (5.52) and it was at par with the application of RDF + Rhizobium (P) + PSB (L) (T4) and RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (P) (T5) (5.04). The application of RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (L) (T6) recorded higher mean number of pods/plant (24.74) followed by the application of RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (P) (T5) (23.27), RDF + Rhizobium (P) + PSB (L) (T4) (19.27) and RDF + Rhizobium (P) + PSB (P) (T3) (18.98), This might be due to enhanced uptake of nitrogen due to more availability of nitrogen which resulted in more growth of plant hence more pod bearing capacity. Yield and yield attributes : The application of RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (L) (T6) recorded significantly higher dry pod yield/plant (9.71 g) statistically similar results were recorded for application of RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (P) (T5) (9.56 g). More pod yield due to different treatments may be due to more growth and photosynthesis which resulted in better filling of pod hence more pod yield (g)/plant was obtained. Similar kind of results was reported by Oad et al., (2002). The application of RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (L) (T6) recorded higher mean seed yield (1628 kg ha-1) and it was at par with the application of RDF + Rhizobium (P) + PSB (P) (T3) (1446 kg/ha), RDF + Rhizobium (P) + PSB (L) (T4) (1490 kg/ha) and RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (P) (T5) (1501 kg/ha). This might because of the cumulative effect in increasing growth contributing characters which have been clearly exhibited on the final produce i.e. seed and straw yield/ha. Similar kind of results was reported by Ingle et al., (2001). The application of RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (L) (T6) recorded significantly higher mean biological yield (3414 kg/ha) followed by the application of RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (P) (T5) (3226 kg/ha). Least biological yield was recorded in treatment (T8) when there is no any treatment (control). Similar kind of results was reported by Menaria et al., (2003). Data on harvest index (%) showed that the highest harvest index was recorded (47.68) by the application of RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (L) (T6) followed by the application of RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (P) (T5) and least harvest index was recorded in treatment (T8) when there is no any treatment (control). Similar kind of results was reported by Menaria et al., (2003). REFERENCES 1. Arshad, J. and N.Mahmood (2010). Growth, nodulation and yield response of soybean to biofertilizers and organic manures. P. J. Bot., 42 (2): 863-871. 2. Bishnoi, K.C. and R. Dutt (1983). Studies on the effect of methods of inoculation on yield and yield attributes of soybean under varying nitrogen levels. Indian J. Agron., 28 (1): 79-81.

3. Dahatonde, B.B. and S.V. Shava (1992). Response of soybean (Glycine max) to nitrogen and Rhizobium inoculation. 4. Gupta, V. and T. Abraham (2003). Effect of different levels of sulphur and Rhizobium inoculation on soybean Cv. JS-75-46 in inceptisols. Madras Agric. J., 90 (7-9): 406-410. 5. Ingle, Y.V., S.R. Potdukhe, V.P. Pardey, P.J. Deshmukh and E.B. Burgoni (2001). Effect of combined inoculation of Rhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense on yield and uptake of nitrogen by soybean (Glycine max L.). PKV Res. J.,25 (2): 94-95. 6. Krishna, K.G., K.L. Rao, A.R. Kumar and D. Sreelatha (1995). Response of soybean to nitrogen, phosphorus and Rhizobium. J. Maharashtra Agric. Univ., 20 (2): 246-248. 7. Menaria, B.L., P. Singh and R.K. Nagar (2003). Effect of nutrients and microbial inoculants on growth and yield of soybean. J. Soils and Crops 13(1): 14-17. 8. Nagaraju, A.P. and H.K. Mohankumar, (2010). Effect of micronutrients on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.). Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 44 (2): 260-265. 9. Oad, F.C., L. Kumar and J.K. Biswas (2002). Effect of Rhizobium japonicum inoculum doses (Liquid culture) on the growth and seed yield of soybean crop. Asian J. Plant Sci., 1 (4): 340-342. 10. Raut, S.S., C.N. Chore, R.D. Deoyale, C.N. Hatmode, H.U. Waghmare and O. Kunchanwar (2003). Response of seed dressing with biofertilizres and nutrient on morphophysiological parameters and yield of soybean. J. Soils and Crops,13 (2): 309-313. 11. Singh, R. and R.K. Rai (2004). Yield attributes, yield and quality of soybean as influenced by integrated nutrient management. Indian J. Agron., 49 (4): 271-274.

Table-1 : Effect of biofertilizers on growth characters of soybean. Treatments Plant height (cm)

Leaf area per plant (dm2)

Number of branches per plant

Number of pods per plant T1 - RDF + Rhizobium (P) 25.49 10.19 4.36 17.04 T2 - RDF + Rhizobium (L) 27.82 11.27 4.51 18.65 T3 - RDF + Rhizobium (P) + PSB (P) 31.07 11.80 4.72 18.98 T4 - RDF + Rhizobium (P) + PSB (L) 32.84 12.22 4.89 19.27 T5 - RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (P) 34.06 12.31 5.04 23.27 T6 - RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (L) 35.05 12.52 5.52 24.74 T7 - RDF (30 : 60 : 30 NPK kg/ha) 23.03 10.16 4.23 16.97 T8 - Control 21.69 9.76 4.14 15.29 S.Em± 1.02 0.35 0.25 0.89 CD at 5% 3.11 1.06 0.77 2.70

Table-2 : Effect of biofertilizers on yield and yield attributes of soybean. Treatments Pod yield/ plant Seed yield (kg/ha)

Biological yield/ plant

Harvest index (HI) T1 - RDF + Rhizobium (P) 7.45 1253 2837 44.16 T2 - RDF + Rhizobium (L) 7.77 1396 3102 45.00 T3 - RDF + Rhizobium (P) + PSB (P) 8.13 1446 3156 45.81 T4 - RDF + Rhizobium (P) + PSB (L) 8.83 149s0 3208 46.44 T5 - RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (P) 9.56 1501 3226 46.52 T6 - RDF + Rhizobium (L) + PSB (L) 9.71 1628 3414 47.68 T7 - RDF (30 : 60 : 30 NPK kg/ha) 6.74 1084 2501 43.34 T8 - Control 6.56 795 1918 41.44 S.Em± 0.41 74 160 CD at 5% 1.25 225 486