User:ShrutiAsokan/Negative Raising

Background
In linguistics, negative raising is defined as when the NEG-element is pronounced in the matrix clause but is interpreted as if it were in the lower clause. In simpler terms, this can be said that the NEG-element originates in the lower clause and then raises to the matrix clause.

The NEG-element was first introduced by Edward Klima, but the term neg raising has been accredited to the early transformational analysis as an instance of movement. Charles J. Fillmore was the first to propose a syntactic approach called neg transportation but is now known solely as negative raising. This syntactic approach was supported in the early beginnings by evidence provided by Robin Lakoff, who used, in part, strong/strict Polarity item s as proof. Laurence R. Horn and Robin Lakoff have written on the theory of negative raising, which is now considered to be the classical argumentation on this theory. Chris Collins and Paul Postal have also written in more recent times in defense of the classical argumentation to negative raising. These early accounts attributed negative raising to be derived syntactically, meaning that they thought that the NEG element was c-commanding onto two verbs. However, not all agreed with the syntactic view of negative raising. To counter the syntactically derived theory of neg raising, Renate Bartsch and a number of others argued that a syntactic analysis was insufficient to explain all the components of the neg raising (NR) theory. Instead they developed a presuppositional, otherwise known as a semantically based account.

The phenomenon of negative raising has been observed in many different languages throughout genetically unrelated language families.