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A novel soy-based meal replacement formula for weight loss
For the treatment of obesity, a low calorie soy-based meal replacement program has been implemented to obese volunteers to test its effects on weight loss. Groups of obese individuals ages 35 to 65 have been separated into a meal replacement treatment group and a control group and results found that the meal replacement was effective in lowering body weight as well as fat mass and LDL cholesterol and shows a significant effect between the two groups. Of the 100 obese volunteers that started in the experiment, only 74 participants completed the study which shows strength in the findings because of maintaining a relatively large sample size and low attrition rate. A weakness of the study was that it was relatively short, lasting only 12 weeks so long term effects on obesity wasn't clearly seen. The study supports the effectiveness of meal replacement formulas on weight loss in obesity.

Meal replacement as a tool for weight loss in a population with severe mental illness
For testing the meal replacement strategy on weight loss, 120 participants ages 28 - 71 were collected, each with a mental illness such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and others. The researchers separated the participants into a control group that received the usual weight loss care and another that received the meal replacement program. Results found that the meal replacement was successful in incurring weight loss in its participants. The findings was supported and strengthened by the dramatic weight loss and high degree of procedures in place to reduce any confounding variables. However, a major weakness of the study is that only 5 participants out of the 61 in the meal replacement group consumed the meal replacement shakes, were compliant with the parameters of the study, and lost weight while the rest dropped out due to personal or psychiatric reasons or refused to comply with the study protocols. The study doesn't show a strong effect on meal replacement since only 5 participants only lost weight out of the original 120 participants used.

Weight loss with meal replacement and meal replacement plus snacks: a randomized trial
The study looked at whether snacking in meal replacement weight loss program would improve weight loss and weight maintenance for overweight individuals. They collected 100 participants and placed them in a normal meal replacement program or one with snacking and found that snacking didn't differ in their response to the programs. Participants of both groups lost 4.6% to 6.1% of their initial body weight during the 24 week study. A strength of the study was that they measured many types of variables related to weight such as weight, height, blood pressure, lipid fractions, glucose, and insulin. However, a weakness of the study is that it did face a high attrition rate for the duration of 12 and 24 week points. The study supports a weight loss component of meal replacement but doesn't for snacking.

Evaluation of meal replacements and a home food environment intervention for long-term weight loss
The study looked at the effects of meal replacements and home food environment at improving long-term weight loss. They placed 262 obese and overweight individuals into one off three groups over 12 months: behavior therapy, behavior therapy + meal replacements, and a treatment focused at modifying the home food environment. The results found that all groups significantly lost weight during the study with gradual weight gain over the next 36 months but the group with the meal replacement and home food environment group lost more weight than the behavioral therapy group. A strength of the study is that researchers took account of the weight of the participants for 3 years after the initial experiment began. The weakness of the study is that there was more supervision of the home food environment group than the other groups which could've influenced the performance and motivation of the groups. The study supports the effect of meal replacement and home food environment in weight loss.

Compensatory beliefs, nutrition knowledge and eating styles of users and non-users of meal replacement products
The study looked at the eating behavior-related characteristics of meal replacement products (MRPs) consumers and how they differ from non-consumers of MRPs. They used an online survey of 490 women where 221 of them consumed MRPs and 269 did not and measured them on their nutritional knowledge of calories, balanced meal composition, and eating styles. They found that MRP consumers more strongly believed than non-MRP consumers that MRPs can compensate for overeating and healthy behaviors such as exercising and eating fruits and vegetables do not have to be implemented or improved while on the MRP diet. A strength of the study is that they got a high sample size of 490 women to survey with 221 of them consuming MRPs. A weakness of the study is that it was an online survey so it might not be entirely accurate of the participant's nutritional knowledge and that people who eat MRPs are a minority of the population so the sample might be skewed. The study supports the effect of using MRPs on compensatory beliefs, nutrition knowledge, and eating styles of users.

Improving compliance to meal-replacement food regimens. Forming implementation intentions (conscious IF-THEN plans) increases compliance
The study looked at the methods of which to improve compliance on meal replacement programs. They separated participants into two groups: a control group who had no implementation intentions and an implementation-intention group, who formed deliberate plans to consume the products and then they had the participants follow a daily regime on meal-replacement consumption for 4 weeks. They found that the implementation-intention group consumed significantly more meal replacement foods per week than the control group as well as decreased their BMI more and the effects of forming implementation intentions stood for 18 days. A strength of this study is that they have a large sample size with defined plans. A weakness of the study is that the results can be chalked up to confounding variables like the participants becoming bored of the meal-replacements or the people that signed up for the study was more motivated than the average consumer. The study supports the effect of improving compliance to meal-replacement programs.

Selection attributes of home meal replacement by food-related lifestyles of single-person households in South Korea
The study looked at how to characterize and investigate the food-related lifestyles and socio-economic dimensions and selection attribute characteristics of home meal replacement (HMR) consumers of single-person households in South Korea.They identified three different groups: “utilitarians” (19.3%), “health-conscious utilitarians” (22.2%), and “variety seekers” (58.5%). They defined by them by their attributes with utilitarians being in their 20 s, unmarried, and unemployed with relatively lower monthly incomes than the other groups and they put less attention on trend and quality and more on convenience and economic value when purchasing HMR products. Health-conscious utilitarians are typically married and in their 40 s and 50 s and they consider convenience and economic value of HMR products, but place more importance on the quality of HMR products. Variety seekers are relatively well educated, and proportionately more are employed in comparison. The trendiness of HMR products are important to them, although quality, convenience, and economic value do play a role in their decision. A strength of this study is that it has a large sample size to see the sort of person that buys HMRs and use a thorough questionnaire. A weakness of this study is that the culture in South Korea is different from the rest of the world and so could have an effect on the responses and the sample might be skewed to the middle age. The study supports the food-related lifestyles of single-person households in South Korea.

A randomized trial examining differential meal replacement adherence in a weight loss maintenance program after one-year follow-up
The study looked at meal replacement (MR) adherence and changes in outcome for a weight loss program. They separated the participants into a control condition or experimental condition that use MRs for weight loss and after the program, they did a follow-up three months and one year later. They looked at measures of body weight, depression, physical activity, cognitive restraint, disinhibition, hunger, and binge eating to see the behavioral changes in a person. The results showed that adherence to any behavioral techniques indicates overall motivation level with MR adherence being linked to traits like self-monitoring. Also, there are individual difference in MR adherence for the second follow up based on how the first follow up went. A strength of this study is that it tests a variety of traits on behavioral changes and weight loss maintenance when using MRs. A weakness of this study is that the results are not yet complete and requires further research to determine changes in eating behavior. The study supports behavioral changes and adherence in weight loss maintenance program after one-year follow up.