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Hutatma Apparao Patil Mahagaon

Mahagaon

Mahagaon village is important and model village  in Gulbarga District of Karnataka, The Mahagaon village is located at a distance of about 25 km from Gulbarga towards Bidar road. On the east side of Mahagaon village, the small river flow south of Gandhori Nala from the North to the river, flowing in front of the river and joins Bennethura River. The freedom fighter Chandrasekhar Patil and martyr Apparao Patil are from Mahagaon village, Chandrasekhar Patil and Martyr Apparao Patil participated in Indian freedom struggle and Hyderabad Karnataka Liberation Movement.

Mahagaon village early name was Mahaguna are Maha Gaon. Mahagaon means big village. The Akka Mahadevi temple is built in the Mahagaon village as a mark of her respect and ideas  in 12th century. It is also said that Akka Mahadevi visited the Mahagaon village. People of different caste and ideologies are living together in Mahagaon including Veershewa, Jangama, Poojari, Talawara, Muslims, Maratha, ets. in harmony. Gurulingasidda, a poet worte ‘Shree Sharanabasawesara Purana’ in Kannada language born in Mahagaon,this book deals about the life of Sri Shran Basaveshwara and his teachings. The famous folksinger   Mira Saheba was also born in Mahagaon. He wrote many pomes in Kannada language later got Folk Academy Award.

In Mahagaon Viraktmatha, Kallimatha, Gachchina Matha, JangiMatha, Naganath Matha are founded for religious awareness. There is Vasanashaba Dargah near by Mahagaon Cross. Hindu and Muslim participating is the best example of religious harmony.

During Hyderabad Nizam rule, Mahagaon village was a former taluka of north Gulbarga district of Hyderabad state. The population, including jagirs, was 61,179 in 1901and the area 370 square miles. Mahagaon Taluka cantrolled 104 villages, of which 23 were jagris. Mahagaon was a head –quarter for revenue collection in 1901. The land revenue was 1.4 lakhs (Rayappa Mali Patil is the revenue officer). In the 1905 taluka was merged in the Gulbarga taluka. Rayappa Mali Patil built a police section in Mahagaon on 1859. Rayappa Mali Patil built Malisiddeshwara  temple, Mallikarajuna temple, Lord Hunumana temple and Laxmi temple in Mahagaon village.

During the year 1947 Kasim Razvi founded the Razakars troops in 52 centres in Hyderabad, Mahagaon was one of them. Mahagaon village had a Razakars para-military training centre. And Razakars house are located in Mahagaon. Mahagaon people also participated in Hyderabad Karnataka liberation movement. The activities of Chandrasekhar Police Patil and Apparao Mali Patil are well documented which make us proud for their participation in liberation movement. Chandrasekhar Patil work in Hyderabad State Congress party. Apparao Patil Martyr in Hyderabad Karnataka liberation movement. Apparao Patil work in Dudhani Border military camps.

Apparao Patil Early Life

Apparo Patil was born on 14th January 1924 at Mahagaon village Gulbarga District, Apparao Patil son of Sharnappa Malli Patil and Amba Bai. On the day of Apparao birth, the festival of Makar Sankranti was celebrated. Sharnappa Patil was happy to have baby in Shubha Muhuratta means good day on the day. According to astronomy, the Sun changes its direction and rise to the south so that it is a auspisious time on Sacred Day. Apparo Patil’s early name was Rayappa Patil. Rayappa Patil name was  Apparo Patil grandfather name. Apparao Patil’s Grandfather Raya Patil was revenue officer under Hyderabad Nizam. During period Mahagaon was a Taluka. Mahagaon cantrolled 104 villages,of which 23were jagris. Mahagaon was a head – quarter for revenue collection in 1901. The land revenue was 1.4 lakhs (Rayappa MaliPatil is the revenue officer). In the 1905 taluka was merged in the Gulbarga taluka. Rayappa Mali Patil built a police section in Mahagaon on 1859. Rayappa Mali Patil was built Malisideshwara  temple, Mallikarajuna temple, Lord Hunumana temple and Laxmi temple in Mahagaon village. Rayappa Patil had five children. Sharanappa, Shantappa, Siddamma, Basamma, Savitri, Ambabai

Apparao Patil father Sharnappa Malli Patil was a revenue officer under Hyderabad Nizam. Sharappa Malli Patil colleting the revenue in Mahagaon Jagir. Apparo Patil’s mother Amba Bai died from illness when Apparao was a small  kid. After the death of Apparao Patil’s mother, Apparao father married Kashibai for Apparao’s upbringing.

Apparao get early education in Urdu medium as Urdu language was official language. Apparo got education upto 5th standard in Mahagaon village. After Apparo join the Urdu medium high school in Hapta Gubaja Gulbarga. and complted 7th standard edcaution. Apparao was influenced by the principles of Shivaji, Kittur Rani Chanamma, Mahatma Gandhi, Dayanand Saraswati and Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.

When Apparao was in class 8th, the National Congress, the Arya Samaj, and the Hindu Mahasamaj led the Vande Mataram  Movement to enhance national mood. Leaders have held many meeting and national devotional programs at the Nutana Vidyalaya in Gulbarga. Apparao join the Vande Mataram  movement. National leaders called for a fight against the Nizam government and Vande  Mataram was sing in most of the School and Colleges. Nizam government issued a Faraman (order) means Government order “Don’t sing Vande Mataram in School, Colleges, and public places”. One day, Vande Mataram sang publicly in his school under the leadership of Apparao. Knowing this, the school board removed Apparao from school and ordered Apparao to be admitted to any school. After Apparao involved in a national struggle and Apparao Patil married Paravatidevi (1946)

Contribution of Huttama Apparao Patil Mahagaon

Youth Mandal or Council

Apparao Patil founded Youth Council in Mahagaon Village. Inially some issue was regarding its construction of temple which Apparao Rao resolved it. The new Hanuman temple was built. Om flagged over the temple. The Hanuman Temple was called the “Swaraj Hanuman”. and it was againt Nizam orders. Apparao Patil founded ‘The Youth Council or Youth Mandal’ to create awareness of nationalism among the youth and finally more number of youths got attracted towards Indian freedom struggle in that region. It was  social and cultural organization to protect the religious and cultural rights.. The youth members were trained physical fitness and Lathi training for totection. Under his leadership, many such branches were opened in Kurikuta, Navadagi, Dhamura, Ratakal, Mugali, Anbalagi, Kamalapuru, Kannura, Bhshanagi, Mahagaon Wadi village’s youths joined the Youth Council of the Apparao Rao.

Arya Samaj

The Arya Samaj was mainly responsible in bringing the region into the main stream of Indian nationalism. Pandit Bansilal and Shamlal of Hallikhed of Bidar district were most popular and sedicated workers of Samaj. With the Effort and participation of likely minded samajists the branches were established several places in the region like Bidar, Gulbarga, Raichur, Yadagir, Koppal, Itagi, Kuknur, Alavndi, etc, In 1925 the Arya Samaj stared its activates in Raichur. The president of Arya Samaj branch of Raichur was Pandit Ramswaroopji. Pandit Swami Sachchidanadaji was his associate.

Apparao was inflused by the idea of Dyanad Saraswati and Swami Vivekananda. Apparo Patil joined Arya Samaj. Apparao Patil also founded its branch in Mahagaon village and nearby villages. During the time Arya Samaj was banned Nizam government. Apparao Patil actively worked in Arya Samaj programs such as protection of Hindu rights, communal harmony and social responsibility.

Encouraging Education

Apparao Patil could not continue his education as he was expelled from the scholl for defaying the orders of the headmaster and singing national songs. During the Vande Mathara movement Vande Mataram sang publicly in his school under the leadership of Apparao. Knowing this, the school board removed Apparao from school and ordered Apparao not to be admitted to any other school. Since then Apparao involved in a national struggle, He was enthusiastic about education and helped many poor children financially. During the Hyderabad Karnataka liberation movement many poor children were educated in their own home. During the Hyderabad Karnataka liberation movement Kannada medium study was banned by Nizam. Apparao Patil established a Kannada school in his home. School Board was Urdu Medium School, but inside the school children were educated in Kannada medium

Quit India Movement

The Quit India movement launched by the Indian National Congress under Mahatma Gandhiji’s guidance placed the Hyderabad State in very embarrassing position. Yet Hyderabad could not escape from its influence. Strictly speaking on account of the suppressive laws by the Mogalai officials and the ferocious act of the Razakars, the Quit Indian movement of 1942 in Nizam State particularly in the area of our study was mostly confined to “Underground activities”. Records speak that only on the border areas of Nizam and in Raichur district, it gathered momentum owing to the impact of the movement that going on vigorously

Avadhani S.B. of Humnabad, D.R.Avaradi of Gulbarga, Chandrasekhara Patil Mahagaon, Jagannatha Rao Chandrki, Chatanahali Veeranna, Kolur, Mallappa and Viswanathanath Reddy Murudal of  Yadagiri, Hakeekat Rai of  Chitagupa, Bheemajja Murudi and Samasundar of Kukanur , G.K. Praneshachar and  Bangarasetty of Koppal, Advi Rao Padnavis and B.G.Deshpande  of Raichur, K.S. Raj of Humnabad and others showed resistance against the Nizam government and were arrested on 3- 2-1942 Fasali under public safety regulation. They were kept in prison at Gulbarga, Raichur, Bidar, Auragabad and at Cenetral Perison Hyderabad imposing  a fine of rupees two hundred on each prisoner. The Nizam government released the nationalists on 21.8.1942 Fasali.

One Mr. Dasappa of Bannigol (Kustigi Tq) was a revolutionary freedom fighter. For offering Satyagraha in front Nizam’s palace, he was arrested and taken by Hyderabad jail where has was beaten to death by police for having slogan against Nizam and burnt the ‘Asaf Jhah’ flag. Along with associates from Koppal, Basavanta Rao Katrahalli offered Satyagraha at Hyderabad as third dictator of congress.

As part of the underground activities, the nationalists organised the Ganesh and Dashara festivals to instigate the people to fight for freedom of speech and religious liberty. They explained the villagers about the exploitation of agriculturists by Nizam and feudal lords. The people were convinced that only the democratic set up of living. The patriots during the period of Quite India movement, in night hours distributed pamphlets and exhibited wail-posters provoking anti feelings of the people against the Nizam and British government. They also raised the post-offices, railway and arrack- shops. They cut Today trees. Excaping the vigilance of police in the hours of sunset, the youths hosted national flags, OM flags and Bhagava flags on the official buildings and educational institutions to intensify the politico- religious consciousness in the people.

Apparo Patil participated in Quite India movement. Apparo Patil arrested by Nizam government in Gulbarga. He was put in the Gulbarga central jail. In the jail, Congress party leader’s stated Satyagraha against the Nizam government. Apparo Patil also participated in the Satyagraha in the jail. 1942 Apparao Patil met Mahatma Gandhi at Aga Khan’s home in Pune. On the occasion of quit India movement, 8 August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi gave the slogan of “Do or Die”. In the idea of Apparao, slogan may be changed as “Do and Die” not as “Do or Die.

National movement

15th August 1947 India was independent, across the country people celebrated Independence Day. The Nizam of Hyderabad did not allow to the people celebrate Independence Day in Hyderabad princely state and banned Indian flag hoisting in the state. He also issued Faramana (government order) did not celebrate independence day. Nizam government arresting the all people who involved in the Independence, Apparo Patil and Mahagaon’s Youth Council supporter celebrated Independence Day in Mahagaon village. On 27th June Hyderabad nizam’s announce in newspaper Hyderabad state would be an independent state, but people want to be Hyderabad as part of the Indian union. Gulbarga people opposed the Nizam decision. Police arresting the all who against Nizams. Razakars attacking the villages and killing the people, during the time in Gulbarga Hindus and Muslim had a brotherhood. some Muslims people supporting the Razakars.

Hyderabad Karnataka liberation movement

27th June 1947 Hyderabad nizam’s announce in new paper Hyderabad state is independent state, but people want to be Hyderabad union the Indian union. Gulbarga people opposed the Nizam decision. The Hyderabad Karnataka liberation movement was started. Congress state party leader Swami Ramanannda Tirthkar took over the leadership of the Hyderabad Karnataka liberation movement.

Apparo Patil joined liberation movement, The Nizam government imposed a ten-page arrest warrant for imposing a number of exceptions on Apparo Patil. Bhairappa Patil, Shankarrao Aland, Mahadevappa Kapanura were also named in Arrest Warrant. The prizes and reward were announced if they were handed over to polics. Some traitors informed the police when Apparao Patil and his friends were in a secret meeting. Apparao and friends arrested. Apparao Patil was sentenced to six months in a prison in Aurangabad. In the jail Apparao Patil wrote about 50-pages diary in Urdu and Kannada language. Jail diary is informed about the administration of the jail. Its also informed about jail officer hanged some innocent people in the jail. Six month later Apparao Patil was released from Jail

Razakar attacked village killing innocent people. Mahagaon, Hebbal, Kamlpur, Chincholi, Kadaganchi, nimbarga, dogibana,Ganagapura, Ratagallu, Kurikota, Machalamba, Sarasamba, Yelasnagi, Kaligi, Malli, Jevaragi, Dornanahalli and Aland in Gulbarga District, Humnabad, Basavakalyan, Udgir, Chittaguppa, Hallikhed, Nagara  Dastapur, Gunj area in Bidar and gorta in Bidar district Koppala, Thigir, Gudigere, Kolur, Manvi,  Kukanur, Belagatti,  Bannikoppa, Yerehanchinal, Ittigi,  Yelaburga, Batagere, Banapura, Hesarur, Kinnal, Sudi, Karatigi, Kanadagiri in Raichur  district, A pats from these Villages the border villages of Bombay and Madras Presidencies did not escape from the terroristic activities of the Razakars.

The Directions of the state action committee about 100 Borders camps were established all along the border area of Hyderabad state. Hyderabad Karnataka area had an 18 main camps and 12 Sub - campus were set up on the border lines of Hyderabad.

The main borders campus located at Sindagi, Kesarajavalga, Dudani, Talikote, Kampli, sirguppa, Ittigi, Gajendragada, Mantralaya, Adoni, and Kakkalmeli. The 12 sub-campus located in Hesarur, Baradur, Hallikeri, Naregal, Sudi, Koppa, Timmapura, Hampasagara, Tambrahalli, Bachigondabhalli and Ilakal. Every Borders campus was under the control of Shibiradhipati all power of the action committee.

Apparao Patil, Sidramappa, Hanumata rav Sinde, Fakirappa Madara, Manaki Sinde joined Dudani and Guodgaon Border camp. Apparo Patil, Sidramappa, Hanumata rav Sinde, Fakirappa Madara, Manaki Sinde Before joins Boder camps worked Azad hind Faz, they had an all military training. Dudani camp head was Guru Bheem Rao Patil Mudagunaki, Godgaon camp head was Dharamaveera Nelogi. This camp was fight against Razakar in Gulbarga border area.

Operation Polo   or Police Action

In the meanwhile, day by day tension mounted. The charges of borders raids and breaches and breaches of the standstill Agreement were made on the both sides. The freedom fighters at the risk of their life had intensified the border movement. During the course of our investigation, it is noticed that some that agitators at borders camps for Swarajya, after having disgusted with the passive attitude of the union government resolving the political issues in the State of Hyderabad; were said to have instigated the Razakars to commit more depredations even on Hindu women. This unfortunate action, as some freedom fighters advocate was necessary evil to display the fact that there was complete anarchy in the State of Hyderabad and to create the needs political atmosphere for the union government to resort to Police Action to integrate the Nizam’s dominions into the Indian Union

At this juncture, the Prime Minister Pandit Nehru paid vist to London on 9th September to attend the Common Wealth session. Sardar Patil determined to go with sword to punish the wicked. The set of circumstances which prevailed in the Hyderabad State compelled and convinced the daring Valiabha Bhai Patel, in spite of the passive and oscillating attitudes of Pandit Nehru, to order the longa waited Action on Monday 13th Seprtember, 1948. The Indiab troops were commanded by Major General J.N.Chaudari under the directions of Lt. General Maharaja Sri. Rajrdra Sinhaji, who than the General officer commanding in Chief, Southern Command.

Indian force attacked the State of Hyderabad from twelve angles of neighbouring presidencies. Of which the attacks, made via Manmad (Railway Junction) from Aurangabad side, via Nanj and Naladurga from Sholapur side, vaz Suryapet from Telangana side, via Nagpur from Maharastra side, via Hospet- Munirabad from Madras presidency side and via Gadag from Bomvay presidency angle were more effective and forceful. At Munirabad (near Hospet) there took places a terrific fight on 14th and 15th September,1948 between the forces of Indian union and Nizam. The Razakars set up their military camp called “Chota Pakistan” at Munirabad and stored in heay amount of arms ammunitions. On 16th September, they were blasted by the regiment of Gorkhas. The Nizam forces were made to run helater and skelter in search of their safety. On 17th September, 1948, the Laik Ali cabinet tendered its resiganation. Ali the imprisoned nationalists were released. On 18th September, the Hyderabad forces under the command of General El.Edroos surrendered to the Indian union and at 5.00 pm. Nizam signed the proclamation, incorporating the former Hyderabad State into the union of India. Gallant Indian troops accomplished a work with lightening speeded liberated the enslaved population. Kasim Razvi was arrested on the 19th September and after seven years of imprisonment fled to Pakistan, on 23th September, 1948 the Nizam sent a cable and put the Security Council withdrawing the Hyderabad case and put at rest all elements of disintegration. Soon, Government of India appointed Major General J.N. Chudari as Military Government of new Hyderabad State to restore law and order law and order and to provide an provide an opportunity for the people to from the responsible Government. Sardar Patel, who played a key role in liberating the Hyderabad State through Police with great respect and reverence  in the part of the country as a geart saviour and chief architect in the story in the of integration of the India States.

Apparao Patil participated in the Police Action. Indian army appointed Apparao Patil to protect Kurikutta Bridge, near by Mahagaon village. Indian Army’s one team coming   Naladurga to Gulbarga, India army planned to go Gulbarga via Kurikutta Bridge. Razakars tried to bid this bridge and Apparao Patil was assigned to protect the bridge (Kurikutta Bridge.) under any circumstances till the Indian Army entered the Gulbarag city via Magahaon. There was Nizam and Razakars  plan  to blast ridge so that the Indian Army cannot enter the Gulbarga city. It was a tough army assignment to hold the bridge against the Nizam Army and Razakars and heavy firing was there on both the sides. Many of the Apparao  Patil and other freedom fighters  injured in the armed operations and fireings. His team and freedom figthers successfully fought with wit and vigour  and allowed Indain army to reach Gulbarga.

Accompanying Indian Army – Operation Polo

Colonel Bhatia was in charge of military wing stationed at Sholapur. The Collector of Sholapur- Mr Ghatage, a great patriot suggested the officials of Indians army to take the direction and help of Saradar Saradar Goud Inamdar, the Sibiradhipati of Sindigi border camps, Dattatreya Rao Avaradi, the border camps inspector for Gulbarga district, Alavandi Sivaswami, the Sibiradhpati of Mundarigi border camps A.V. Patil the Sibiradhipati of Wagdhari border Apparao Patil, the active worker of Goudagaon camps and Chandrasekar Patil, the fearless fighter of Mahagaon against the Razakars in arresting the Razakars in the area of Hyderabad Karnataka. Hyderabad State was easily occupied as everybody  know, but the Razakars who were roaming in the country side committing depredations hide  and seek between the desperadoes and the military, but more a game in which no quarter was given by either of the parties.

One of the main roles of his team was to collect the military intelligence and communicate  to the Army officials and guide the Indian army safe routes. It also included providing shelter and food for the army intelligence officers in disguise.

Arrest of the Razakars

Immediately these patriots obliged the military men in under taking this risky job. They accompanied the Indian military force to guide them in identifying and arresting the Razakars from their hide-outs in different corner of the village in the Hyderabad Karnataka area, over which the above mentioned leaders know the people and were conversant with local conditions. In spite of adverse weather conditions, social schisms, worst means of transport and communication, they went ahead to the spots of Razakars. Thus they had the distinction of first persons to enter the States with the military, Sardar Sarba Goud Inamadar led the Indian military, sitting on the Tank from Sholapur to Gulbarga and Dattatreya Rao Avaeadi guided military men from Sholapur to Jewargi via Osmanabad and Bijabpur.

At Duttargi, Gorta, Ambalaga, Machalamba, Heroli, Srasamba, Mudal, Mahagaon, Kurkota, Hebbal, Kalagi, Dogibana, Alavandi, Bannikoppa and Munirabad, there was little resistance from the Razakars.

Refugee Camps

Due to the Nizam misrule and attacks of Razakars, the people of HK region went to the borders side in the Maharashtra, Tamilnadu and Mysore State. The refugees were in large numbers. Apprao Patil role was to arrange the refugee camps in the Maharashtra region in Dudni and Sholapur. The Sholapur refugee camp was one of the biggest one ( Approximate  5000). It was a difficult operation as there was shortage food. Apprao Patil successfully setup the refugee camps and provided food, water and shelters for thousands of people for 6 months. It also included the health care and sanitation.

Turka – Chicholi Army Action

The Indian Army, District Collector of Gulbarga and National leasders asked Apprao Patil to lead peace negotiations with Nizam army and Razakars at Turka- Chicholiil. The Turka-Chicholi village was Razakars centre, Razakars are not ready to surrender.

The Indian Army entered the village Tiruka-Chincholi on 10-10-1948. The Razakars, who dominated this place, did not come out to surrender to Indian army. At first, they fired in the air. Then it paved the way for the opening of attacks and counter attacks between the Indian police force and the Razakars. On the fourth day, when Chandrasekar Patil and Apparao Patil of Mahagaon were directing the Indian Police to fire at a specific spot, by chance, two  bullets fired by the Razakars leaders – Afis Khan hit Apparo Patil , who succumed to serious injuries. Fortunately Chandrasekhar Patil escaped  from the gun fire but Apparao Patil continued the aramy operation and firee Unable to face the Indian Police, the Razakars at Turaka chincholi surrendered on 13-10-1948 ie one month after Police Action.He was brought to Government hospital, Gulbarga, for treatment where he became Martyr on the day of Vijaya Dasmi, in 12-10-1948.

The martyrdom Apprao Patil was broadcast on the national radio and Indian press gave huge coverage with the heroic deeds of Apprao Patil. As per his wishes and National leadsers, he was buried in the Viraktha Math with 21 Gun slaute by Indian Army. His family members recived the condolences from prime minister J. N. Nehru, Home minister Sadra Patel and other nationl leaders.

Recently, the Government of Karnataka and Indian government has renamed the “Bennethora Dam” as “Hutatma Apprao Patil Sagara” to honour the national hero who sacrified  his life for the Indian unity and freedom with the Karnataka gazette notification dated April 16th 2015 (page Number : 381) with order number JSAME 55 VEEBYE 2014, No. 27.12. 2014.