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Rickets

Rickets typically appears between 3 and 18 months of age. Cases continue to be reported in North American and other Western Countries and is primarily seen in breastfed infants and those with darker skin complexions.

Vitamin D Skin Pigmentation.

Vitamin D deficiency is common in Hispanic and African-Americans in the United States, will levels dropping significantly in the winter. This is due to the levels of melanin in their skin, as it acts as a natural protectant from sun exposure.

Vitamin D in bones

Vitamin D deficiency is estimated to affect nearly 1 billion people worldwide, and for athletes it can affect their bone health, immune function and physical performance. Angeline et al., found that 52.3% of patients undergoing ACL reconstruction and were involved in sports were Vitamin D insufficient. In addition, in one NFL team studied, players with muscle injuries were found to have significantly lower Vitamin D levels than their uninjured counterparts.

Vitamin D and Aging

Vitamin D receptor expression decreases with age and findings suggest that vitamin D is directly related to muscle strength, mass and function, all being important factors to an athlete's performance.