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Immunization
the Immunization is the introduction of Specific protective antibodies in a susceptible person or animals. Specific immunity to a particular organism implies that an individual has either generated the appropriate anti-body in his body or received ready made anti-bodies from another sources. Immunization may be natural(not acquired through previous contact with the Infectious agent) or acquired immunity (passive or active).

Information about Immunization 

Immunization has saved millions and has enabled others to lead longer with healthier lives. in 1979, as a result of the first worldwide immunization campaign, smallpox was certified to be eradicated. in the 1980s, immunization coverage against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus rose from less than 20% of the global population to more than 70%. in the 1990s, deaths from measles and tetanus sharply declined. Today, eradication of polio is just around the corner. Vaccines protect the whole communities. Viruses and Bacteria can also be stopped if people are immunized. Diseases can reappear when immunization rates drop. New vaccines will soon become available with the advances in science and Technology. Research is also underway on vaccines against HIV/AIDS and Malaria.

Active Immunization

Active Immunization has been produced by natural or acquired stimulation so that the body produces its own antibodies.

Main article: Active immunity

Active immunization entails the introduction of a foreign molecule into the body, which causes the body itself to generate immunity against the target. This immunity comes from the T cells and the B cells with their antibodies. Active immunization can occur naturally when a person comes in contact with, for example, a microbe. If the person has not yet come into contact with the microbe and has no pre-made antibodies for defense (like in passive immunization), the person becomes immunized. The immune system will eventually create antibodies and other defenses against the microbe. The next time, the immune response against this microbe can be very efficient; this is the case in many of the childhood infections that a person only contracts once, but then is immune. Artificial active immunization is where the microbe, or parts of it, are injected into the person before they are able to take it in naturally. If whole microbes are used, they are pre-treated, Attenuated vaccine. Depending on the type of disease, this technique also works with dead microbes, parts of the microbe, or treated toxins from the microbe.

Passive Immunization

Passive Immunization is a state of relative temporary protection produced by the injection of serum containing antibodies which have formed in another.

Main article: Passive immunity

Passive immunization is where pre-synthesized elements of the immune system are transferred to a person so that the body does not need to produce these elements itself. Currently, antibodies can be used for passive immunization. This method of immunization begins to work very quickly, but it is short lasting, because the antibodies are naturally broken down, and if there are no B cells to produce more antibodies, they will disappear. Passive immunization occurs physiologically, when antibodies are transferred from mother to fetus during pregnancy, to protect the fetus before and shortly after birth. Artificial passive immunization is normally administered by injection and is used if there has been a recent outbreak of a particular disease or as an emergency treatment for toxicity (for example, for tetanus). The antibodies can be produced in animals ("serum therapy") although there is a high chance of anaphylactic shock because of immunity against animal serum itself. Thus, humanized antibodies produced in vitro by cell culture are used instead if available.

Common Communicable Diseases, Tips and Preventive Measures

Sore Eyes (conjunctivitis, Red Eyes) the surface of the eyeball under sides of the eyelid becomes inflamed from exposure to dust and germs. the eyes are very itchy, mild pain could be felt, and yellow discharge(pus) from the eyes in the presence of bacterial infection. it is advisable to consult the doctor.

Chronic Bronchitis (obstructive lung diseases, emphysema, smoker's cough)  enlarged adenoids and tonsils of children may lead to repeated attack of bronchitis. it is often the result of common cold. it is also caused by cigarettes smoking and air pollution. there is shortness of breath, swollen ankles and legs, persistent cough with thick phlegm throughout the day and night you have to quit smoking and avoid living in polluted environment.

Common Cold (Blocked Nose, Runny Nose, Clogged nose) it is a viral infection of upper air passages which causes the inflammation of the mucus membrane lining of the nose and throat. it is easily spread via coughing or sneezing and by direct contact. other ways of catching cold are staying in very warm or cold room, lack of outdoor exercise, poor diet, and overeating sugary and fatty foods. bed rest is the best treatment. a hot bath may help to relieve much of the congestion in the chest and nasal membrane. inhale steam to loosen nasal congestion and blow your nose frequently.

Chickenpox(Herpes zoster, shingles)it is mild highly contagious disease, which is affecting children during their early years but more severe in adults. Infection is easily spread vis airborne droplets that are exhaled or expelled causing outbreaks in places where there are else person to person contacts. It begins with a law grade fever, severe, itch, mild headaches, feeling weakness, runny nose, and small teardrop shaped blister appears on the skin. Take a complete rest until all blisters have dried up. Do not burst the blisters, scratch or peel off the scabs to avoid spreading the viral infection. Bathe the skin daily with soap and Warm water. Consult a doctor.

Cholera (El tor) it is an infection of the small intestine, characterized by severe diarrhea that causes a person to loose up half liter water an hour. it is caused by germs taken in the body through food and drinks. It is spread by improper ways of doing away with human waste. Rats, Cockroaches, flies and ants are also carriers of cholera. You may have in the pains in back, legs, and arms. there is also frequent bowel movement in which the stool appears thin and whitish like rice water. there is vomiting and dehydration. immediately go to the Emergency Department of the nearest hospital.