User:Sihanqu/sandbox

The Jews in Europe gradually consolidated their communities through the first millennium, emerging as Ashkenazi Jews around the end of the latter period. European Jews were specialized within the economy as artisans, merchants, and money-lenders.

These peaceful relations would end with the beginning of the First Crusade and thousands of Jews in communities all along the Rhine were attacked and killed under the presumption that if they were going to attack enemies of the Christ in Jerusalem, they should attack Christ's enemies around them in Germany.

Although the Jews and Christians of Rome were organized into distinct communities, the boundaries of which were not only reinforced on a daily basis but were regularly performed on ceremonial occasions such as the papal adventus, Jews and Christians experienced unusually robust cultural and social interactions, especially as the Jews increasingly aligned themselves with the protective power of the papacy.