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Radiosynoviorthesis
Radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) is a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure for managing joint inflammation, particularly synovitis associated with osteoarthritis. Radiosynoviorthesis involves the intra-articular injection of radioactive isotopes to specifically treat the inflamed synovial membrane. Synovitis, a hallmark of various joint disorders, including osteoarthritis, manifests as inflammation within the synovial membrane lining the joints. RSO aims to suppress overactive macrophage and synovial cells responsible for the inflammatory response, providing relief from pain and improving joint functionality.

Synovitis is implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, the most prevalent form of arthritis. Mechanical stress, injury, or biochemical factors trigger an inflammatory response within the synovial membrane, perpetuating chronic inflammation. This inflammatory environment contributes to the breakdown of cartilage, exacerbating joint pain and dysfunction in osteoarthritis patients.

Macrophages, immune cells found within the synovial tissue, play a significant role in the development and progression of synovitis and osteoarthritis. Inflamed synovial tissue attracts macrophages, which release pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes. These molecules perpetuate synovial inflammation, leading to cartilage degradation and further joint damage. RSO, by targeting the inflamed synovium, aims to reduce the number and activity of macrophages, thereby relieving joint inflammation and slowing down osteoarthritis progression.

RSO is a minimally invasive procedure that can be performed on an outpatient basis. RSO selectively targets the inflammatory cells while minimizing damage to healthy surrounding tissues. This targeted approach can help preserve joint integrity and function. RSO has been shown to provide long-lasting results. The therapeutic effects can last for months or even years, improving joint functionality and enhancing the overall quality of life for individuals with chronic synovitis.

In addition to Yttrium-90 (Y-90) and Rhenium-186 (Re-186), another radioisotope that shows promise in radiosynoviorthesis is Tin-117m (Sn-117m). Tin-117m is radioisotope that has gained attention for its favorable properties in treating synovitis and osteoarthritis in canines with elbow dysplasia.