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Zandra Rhodes
Dame Zandra Lindsey Rhodes, DBE, RDI (born 19 September 1940) is an English fashion and textile designer. Her devoted passion for textiles is the creative force behind the beginning of her career into the fashion industry. Rhodes designed garments for Royal Princess Diana and numerous celebrities. In addition to her garment Zandra Rhodes has created designs for interiors. Where her prints feature on variation of furniture and homeware. In 2003 Zandra Rhodes founded the Fashion and Textile Museum in London. In the past fifty years of Zandra Rhodes career she has won awards recognizing her influential contribution within the fashion industry.

Childhood and Education
Rhodes was born September 19th ,1940 in Chatham, Kent, England. Her mother was a fitter at the House of Worth in Paris, and later became a professor at the Medway College of Arts. Her father was in the air force in Egypt and later became a truck driver. Three years after Rhodes was born her mother birthed her sister Beverley making her the oldest sibling. With Rhodes mother having an educational background in fashion her passion for fashion was instilled in within her from a very young age. In 1959 pop artist Roy Lichtenstien, Andy Warhol, and textile designer Emilio Pucci were a few of Zandra Rhodes earliest influencers in the fashion industry. With an abundance of fashion inspiration Rhodes began to study screen printing and lithography at Medway College of Arts for two years. Throughout Rhodes studies textile design instructor Barbara Brown was a major influence into her new found love for textiles. Rhodes furthered her education under a scholarship at Royal College of the Arts. During that time period Rhodes strayed away from the traditional form of designing. Many designers were creating patterns form fitting for furniture. Meanwhile Rhodes utilized her skills towards creating patterns to create garments. In 1964 Zandra Rhodes graduated in with honors with a degree in home furnishing textile design.

After graduation Rhodes textile designs withheld strikingly different standards that were considered too conventional for the British market, making it hard for her to find a job. In 1968 Rhodes started a business with fashion designer Sylvia Ayton. The two designers opened a boutique called Fulham Road Clothes Shop. The business permitted Rhodes to compose her textile designs onto garments designed by Sylvia Ayton. Rhodes inspiration for her designs roots from materials used on an everyday basis, nature, and travel. She innovated designs within the pop art genre from objects ranging from lipstick tubes, feathers, lace, and lightbulbs. A year later Rhodes and Sylvia decided to part ways. Within the same year of the split Rhodes opens up her own boutique in Marshall Fields, Chicago. As a freelancer Rhodes released her first solo collection. This collection of garments received recognition from both the British and American market. Diana Vreeland wore garments from Rhode’s collection in an American Vogue issue. Landing Rhodes an opportunity to sell her clothing to high end retailers Henry Bendel and Fortnum, Mason, Neiman Marcus, and Saks. Rhodes new found success was the stardom to a fashion career with endless endeavors. She was able to branch out and expand her textiles on different type of design platform. Starting with interior design in 1976 licensed under Wamsutta Rhodes designed her first home décor collection. Where she was able to use her textiles to produce household linens, glassware, cushions, throws, and rugs. Zandra Rhodes also expanded her brand to ties with her signature prints, lingerie, and created her very own fragrance. Rhodes textile design were multi resourceful in the industry. Zandra Rhodes also did a collaboration designing terrazzo with artist David Humphries. During the two were responsible for designing the terrazzo in the Global Plaza at Harbourside in Sydney Australia, and in California at the Del Mar House. Rhodes gained a job designing costumes for the well-known rock band Queen.

Career
Within Zandra Rhodes career she created handmade evening wear using her unique feminine textiles. Each garment created Rhodes incorporates different types of feminine style into place. In the seventies during the punk era, Rhodes created her collection Conceptual Chic. The collection featured garments displaying an erotic feminine style. When Rhodes creates her garments a lot of thought goes into the construction. Simplistic shapes help mold the foundation of Rhodes garments. The shapes functions as an enhancer that maximizes the effects of her prints. She achieves this look by using techniques like layering,smocking, and shirring. All of Zandra Rhodes garments are constructed around the design of her distinct prints, despite being structured around the formation of the dress. Her designs were able to make it all the way to India, where in December of 1987 Rhodes released a new sari collection. Rhodes love for travel helps influence the enrichment of her textile designs.

Zandra Rhodes designed garments for a diverse of amount of celebrities and royalty. Including famous people and royals like Freddie Mercury, Princess Diana, Princess of Wales, Elizabeth Taylor, and Jackie Onassis. In 2003 Zandra Rhodes opened the Fashion and Textile Museum in London. The four-million-dollar project took approximately seven years for architect Ricardo Legorreta. The museum provides exhibitions and educational programs that has a library and lecture room that will help immerse people into the ways fashion has been beneficial to society. In the first exhibit titled “My Favourite Dress” includes over seventy fashion designer’s industry. Ranging from designers like Oscar de la Renta, Donna Karan, Valentino, and Giorgio Armani. Who were asked to choose one of their favorite dress from any of their collections to add to the collection. It was important for Rhodes to incorporate other designers into the exhibit so the museum wouldn’t just be centered around her own designs throughout her career. Although the museum withholds a variety of designers garments. Rhodes also included three thousand of her own original garments within the museum along with her sketch books and silk screens. At the Fashion and Textile Museum they have three shows a year. The exhibits within the museum aren’t intended to stay permanently.

Annotated Bibliography
'''1.    Sue Jones (2019) Interview 1. Zandra Rhodes—December 1987: Indian Sari Collection, TEXTILE, 17:2, 182-187, DOI: 10.1080/14759756.2018.1474006'''

Sue Jones interviewed Zandra Rhodes on her Indian Sari collection in 1987. Zandra Rhodes mentions how her love for traveling inspires her designs, resulting to the incorporations different cultural influence within her clothing.

2. John Haldane (2016) The Art Schools of Kent: A Complete History, Studies in Art Education, 57:2, 179-181, DOI: 10.1080/00393541.2016.1133205

Journalist John Haldane gives historical content into the history of art schools in Kent. Kent is an area in England where a lot of well-known artist like Zandra Rhodes grew up and started their education into the fashion industry.

3. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/passedfailed-an-education-in-the-life-of-zandra-rhodes-fashion-designer-320693.html 

In this article Johnathan Sale interviews Zandra Rhodes about her education. Through this article Rhodes unveils how much of a well-rounded student she was. Zandra Rhodes also mentions that she was  first trained as a textile designer before she became known as a fashion designer.

4. '''Nothdruft, Dennis. “BLURRING THE BOUNDARIES: PRINT, PERSONALITY AND THE INTERIORS OF ZANDRA RHODES AND CHRISTOPHER VANE PERCY.” The Journal of the Decorative Arts Society 1850 - the Present, no. 33, 2009, pp. 26–37. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41809409.'''

This decorative arts design journal exhibits interior designs made by Zandra Rhodes. The journal claims Rhodes Interior collaborations was the beginning of fashion designers branching out into interiors.

5. '''Samanthaconti. “The Rainbow Connection: Zandra Rhodes Reflects on 50 Years of Design.” WWD, WWD, 7 Oct. 2019, wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/the-rainbow-connection-zandra-rhodes-reflects-on-50-years-of-design-1203313900/'''

Women’s Wear Daily curated a short documentary style film featuring Zandra Rhodes reflecting on her fifty-year career design. In the film we gain insight on Zandra Rhodes love for textiles. Rhodes considers the textiles on her garments to be “living paintings’.

6. '''Rosemaryfeitelberg. “Zandra Rhodes and Anna Sui Talk Friendship, Inspiration and Career Challenges.” WWD, WWD, 19 Nov. 2019, wwd.com/eye/people/zandrarhodes-anna-sui-1203373181/?cx_testId=1&cx_testVariant=cx_1&cx_artPos=0#cxrecs_s.'''

Journalist Rosemary Fietelberg wrote an article based on an interview with Zandra Rhodes and Anna Sui. The two well-known designers spoke on their stardom in the fashion industry and how influential they are to one another in their process of design. Both Rhodes and Sui share a passion for prints that would be considered too extreme for others.

7. “The Online Resource for Visual Arts - Zandra Rhodes Digital Study Collection.” VADS, https://vads.ac.uk/collections/ZR.php .

Vads is an online database for visual arts. They withhold an archive of all of Zandra Rhodes’s Collections with visuals throughout the many years of her career. All of their images are under the non-commercial creative commons license. They have left contact information in order for people to inquire about gaining permission to reproduce these images for educational purposes. I think this could be a great attempt into trying to include images of Rhodes designs into the Wiki Article

8. '''Samanthaconti. “Zandra Rhodes, Burberry, Manolo Blahnik Nab Walpole Luxury Awards.” WWD, WWD, 19 Nov. 2019, https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/zandra-rhodes-burberry-manolo-blahnik-nab-walpole-awards-1203373211/ .'''

Zandra Rhodes recently added another award to signify the success of her career, at the Walpole British Luxury Award in London. Rhodes was among hundreds of luxury designers at the annual event where she received the British legend award.

9. '''Bowers, Katherine. "Zandra Rhodes Talks Design." WWD 23 Dec. 2011: 12. Business Insights: Global. Web. 19 Nov. 2019.'''

Katherine Bowers, follows a day in the life of Zandra Rhodes in Boston. There she discovers her interactions with students and her creative process with prints. According to Rhodes one print design could give her between ten to thirty ideas. However, it takes about two to three concrete ideas for her to consider moving forward with designing.

10. '''Kellogg, Ann T., et al. "Rhodes, Zandra." In an Influential Fashion: An Encyclopedia of Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Fashion Designers and Retailers Who Transformed Dress, illustrated by Kamila Dominik, Greenwood Press, 2002, pp. 257-258. Gale Ebooks,'''

This is an encyclopedia on influential fashion designers. In Zandra Rhodes biography Barbara Brown is mentioned to be the instructor responsible for the inspiring Rhodes into textiles.

11. '''Fogg, Marnie. "Rhodes, Zandra." Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion, edited by Valerie Steele, vol. 3, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, pp. 104-105. Gale Ebooks,'''

This encyclopedia give insight into the life Zandra Rhodes from her early education to her career in the fashion industry. The encyclopedia explains the diversification of her prints.

12. '''Conti, Samantha. "Rhodes Scholar." WWD, 27 Mar. 2003, p. 4. Gale Academic Onefile,'''

Samantha Conti, interviewed Zandra Rhodes throughout the process of Rhodes building her four million-dollar museum in London. The museum exhibits over three thousands of Zandra Rhodes garments.

13. Www, https://www-oxfordartonline-com.proxy.library.csi.cuny.edu/groveart/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7002080161 .

The Grove Art online, created a biography on Zandra Rhodes. The biography mentions that “Rhodes took her cue from the flourishing pop art scene in London.”

14. '''Borrelli-Persson, Laird. “Zandra Rhodes Dips Into Her Archives for a Very Special Collection.” Vogue, Vogue, 26 May 2017, https://www.vogue.com/article/exclusive-zandra-rhodes-archive-collection-for-matchesfashion .'''

The vogue article quote Zandra Rhodes crediting Vogue for being an influence towards her success. Zandra Rhodes quotes” Diana Vreeland has been a great influence on me, as she encouraged and adored the way my prints were an integral part of the garments”.

15. “Zandra Rhodes' Garments Archived.” BBC News, BBC, 3 July 2012, https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-kent-18693098/zandra-rhodes-garments-archived .

BBC News filmed a segment on Zandra Rhodes placing all of her gowns ever made into an archive for the Creative Arts University. This segment actually connects to the Vads online database. Zandra Rhodes granted permission for all of her gowns to be photographed and archived for educational use.