User:Sip123/Mariana Yépez

Emma Mariana Yépez Andrade is an Ecuadorian lawyer, jurist, certified mediator and Master of Laws in criminal sciences and criminology. Former Attorney General of Ecuador from February 1999 until February 2005[1], Magistrate of the Supreme Court of Justice from 1997 to 1999. Tenant Judge and Civil Judge of the judiciary from 1978 to 1988. Former alternate delegate of Ecuador to the Inter-American Commission of Women and director of the International Association of Judges. In 2004, via Decree No. 1478 of March 19, 2004, she was presented the award of the National Order “Al Mérito” in the Grand Cross Degree. Thus, receiving the medal of the National Order “Al Mérito” for her brilliant professional life, meritorious and effective participation in the judicial field in the service the country. Former President of Ecuador Colonel Lucio Gutierrez[2] mentioned in the Decree that her trajectory constitutes a contribution worthy of praise and example of present and future generations.[3]

Biography
Emma Mariana de Jesus Yepez Andrade was born on April 07, 1945 in the town of Atuntaqui, province of Imbabura. Studied elementary school at the Immaculate conception School and for high school by her parent’s decision she attended Scared Heart of Jesus Ladies High School in the city of Ibarra capital of the Imbabura province[1]. Graduating high school at the age of 16, she was sent to Quito the capital of Ecuador to further her formal education. She decided to study law at the Law School at Universidad Central del Ecuador where she was ranked among the best students of her class and was given the opportunity to work as teacher assistant in several civil law courses obtaining her J.D in 1971.[2] In 2008, while she was professor at several law school in Quito, she graduated from Universidad Politecnica Salesiana del Ecuador with a degree of teaching studies[3]. In 2010, she decided to further her education at Universidad Externado de Colombia, obtaining the degree of Master of Laws in criminal science and criminology (registry SENESCYT 5276R-12-15736)[4].

Mariana Yepez, began her career as judicial law clerk for the President of the Superior Court of Ecuador in 1967. This clerkship while in law school inspired and shaped her aspirations to work within the judiciary system after law school. From 1978 to 1988 she was appointed as Tenant Judge and Civil Judge of the judiciary. In recognition of her excellent judiciary career Mariana Yepez was awarded the award of best judge in 1988 by the Ecuadorian Bar Association.[1] In 1997, she was appointed as Justice of the Supreme Court of Justice of Ecuador. She was later selected as Vice-president of the Supreme Court of Justice of Ecuador until 1998. In 1999, the Ecuadorian congress proposed and supported Mariana Yepez for Attorney General of Ecuador, winning the congress vote with the solid support of the Partido Social Cristiano (PSC) and Democracia Popular (DP) thus becoming Attorney General in 1999.[2]  Served as the 16th Attorney General of Ecuador from 1999 to 2005 under the administration of President Jamil Mahuad, President Gustavo Noboa  and President Colonel Lucio Gutierrez Borbua.

Filanbanco Case: At the end of 1999 Ecuador was in the middle of a critical financial crisis forcing the country to change the official currency Sucre to the United States of America dollar. Due to changes made to regulations, Filanbanco was converted into a "central bank"[1] after the government took over ownership. As such, Filanbanco had to absorb all other failing banks and that was the main reason for its closure in 2001, over three years under ownership and management by the Ecuadorian government.[2] Ecuadorian banking suffered a serious crisis from 1998 to 1999, when nearly all banks requested liquidity credits from the Central Bank of Ecuador (ECB). These loans were granted by the ECB in 1998 and were based on solvency. ECB certified the solvency of Filanbanco and approved the bank for access to stabilization loans.[3] At the end of the financial crisis, the Ecuadorian government assumed control of Filanbanco, which it eventually closed in 2001.[1] The bank crisis started after the government of Ecuador took over and became the sole owner of Filanbanco. None of the Isaias brothers had any control over bank operation after that date (a report issued revealed that while the Ecuadorian state and government owned, ran and managed Filanbanco bank the bank had lost 814 million dollars).[2]

Mariana Yepez serving as Attorney General, declared that there were no grounds for bank embezzlement due to the application of the current criminal statutes of 1971. Bank embezzlement crime did not exist in the country. Her conclusion was ignored by the government[1]. In an interview in 2011, the former Attorney General emphasizes and affirms that there was no bank embezzlement mentioning: "Bank embezzlement has just been extended on the criminal statutes of Ecuador to bank administrators in the first half of 1999, and the alleged crimes were committed in 1998. There was no law to judge the Isaiah brothers for Bank embezzlement, and the rule cannot be applied backwards, retroactively. Today, that so many years have passed, I confirm that there was no bank embezzlement. There was no legal basis, there was only a counterfeit balance. Unfortunately, this case has been demonized. "[2] The former Chief State Prosecutor was never called to a political trial, although she denounced pressures in her job.[3]

After serving as Attorney General of Ecuador; Mariana Yepez has become a well-known university professor, mediator, and practicing attorney at law. She is a university professor at Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar campus Ecuador, at the specialization of criminal law, professor at the Universidad Central del Ecuador at the Master of Laws in criminal law program, professor at the Quito Chamber of Commerce at the mediators training center teaching criminal law mediation practice. She is a certified mediator of the Quito Chamber of Commerce, President, attorney and certified mediator at the non-governmental organization CECIM (Ecuadorian Corporation for Cooperation and Inclusion of Women), columnist and article writer at Diario La Hora, writer on the website Derecho Ecuador and practicing attorney at law with an office located in Quito, Ecuador since 2006.[1]

In 2018, she was invited to be part of the “veeduría ciudadana para el examen especial a la legalidad, fuentes y usos de la deuda pública interna y externa de la Contraloría General del Estado.” (citizen oversight for the special examination of the legality, sources and uses of the internal and external public debt of the Comptroller General of the State).[1] In 2019, she was part of the committee of experts that evaluated the Justices of the National Court of Justice.[2] She actively contributes and is invited to interviews related to criminal law matters, constitutional law matters, family law, women rights and everything involving the Attorney General Office of Ecuador in various media outlets and several entities such as the National Assembly of Ecuador.[3]

Publications:


 * La víctima en el Código Orgánico Integral Penal. (essay part of "Código orgánico integral penal: Hacia    su mejor comprensión y aplicación" de Ramiro Avila) ISBN: 978-9978-19-711-
 * La impugnación en materia    procesal. Publicado por la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja. ISBN:978-9942-08-172-8
 * El principio de oportunidad en el Ecuador. ISBN: m978-9942-03-114-3
 * Writer at “Diario La Hora” nationwide newspaper.
 * Writer on the website “Derecho Ecuador"