User:SirNightHawk/sandbox

............................................................Outline (After Peer Review)

'''1.	History

'''2.	Activates

i.	Bombings

iii. Arrests

'''3.	References

'''4.	Further Reading

'''5.	See also

............................................................Road Map IV (After Peer Review).....added only

1.	History

Ordine Nero has simply adopted the ideologies of Ordine Nuovo. Their ideology is a typical right-wing ideology. the right-wings ultimate goal is to destroy all liberal-democratic states in order to clear the way for the fascist ones. regardless of their ultimate goal, they don't appear to have any specific program of reform, instead, to espouse vague national socialist slogans of nationalism, racial purity, and governmental strength. Ordine Nero operates alongside like-minded groups like "Movimento Armato Rivoluzionario", "Terza Posizione", and "Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari". majority of these groups are only named, their purpose is to make Ordine Nero look Stronger.

2.	Activates iii. Bombings

In August 4th, 1974 members of the Ordine Nero (Black Order) and Ordine Nuovo (New Order). A guerilla group planted a bomb on a train in Germany. The train track goes from Rome to Munich. It exploded were the same tunnel in the which the latest explosion took place.The explosion resulted in killing 12 people and injuring 48 people. After a few hours, members of the neo-Fascist Ordine Nero have been arrested because they were connected to the August 4th bombing. The members included Emanuele Bartoli, Italo Bono and Gaetano Casali. In 1980, another bombing occurred in Bologna station, Italy. The bomb was placed in the waiting room of the station. After the explosion of the bomb 85 people were killed. Until this day no one is convicted for organizing it, but the Neo-Fascist groups were blamed for it. In 1983, members of the group placed a bomb under a train in Florence, Italy. After the detonation of the bomb no people were injured.

A series of bomb attacks occurred in Savona, Italy from April 1974 to May 1975. The public prosecutor reopened one of the bombing cases, it remained without a manager, which made the reopening of the case useless. The bombs resulted in injuring 18 people and caused severe damage to the public and private building structures.

The city of Brescia, Italy have suffered from Ordine Nero’s worst operation. On May 28th, 1974 explosive bomb was placed inside a garbage container in Piazza Della Loggia. Eight people were killed and one hundred and two injured. A day before the attack, the city’s newspapers announced that they had received a message from the Black Order. The message threatened that multiple attacks would occur against businesses in the city. Since that attack, the government has held three trails, with the third concluding in 2017. The trials included the new order official Carlo Maria Maggi who was convicted for organizing the massacre and the militant Maurizio Tramonte.

On February 1978, a bomb exploded on the outside of “Gazzettino di Venezia” main entrance. Gazzettino di Venezia is an editorial building of the conservative newspaper. The building is located in Venice, Italy. The explosion resulted in killing the night watchman. The 49-year-old man “Franco Battaggliarin” died instantly from the explosion. The police reported that they received an anonymous call emphasizing that the bomb was planted by Ordine Nero.

On August 10, 1983, a bomb was planted on Milan-Palermo train. Train of Milan-Palermo held approximately one thousand passengers. The bomb fortunately detonator failed to operate. The failure detonator occurred the train approaching the proximity of Vernio. The railroads were supposed to blow up due to the explosion, but due to the failure only two mechanics were slightly injured because of the flying glass. Ordine Nero claimed the attack via telephone.

iv. Arrests

Marco Pastori, a member of the Ordine Nero living in Spain, was arrested several times by Spanish police. Police say that the 38-year-old man was extremely dangerous, and he had been convicted of using and owning firearms and explosive which cost him different charges. He was first arrested in April 1974 over a bank shooting. He was accused of killing a bank clerk and a 10-year-old girl. After he escaped, he was re-arrested in 1975. After a few years later he escaped for the second time in 1978. The police said that various neo-fascist groups in South America took him in.

3.	References

Agence France-Presse. (1994, June 7). Italian neo-fascist, wanted for 16 years, arrested in Spain. Retrieved from https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=afpr000020011028dq6702tlr&cat=a&ep=ASE (March 5, 2007 Monday). TERRORISMO: BOMBE SAVONA ANNI SETTANTA;TESTI, FU ORDINE NERO. ANSA Notiziario Generale in Italiano. Retrieved from https://advance.lexis.com/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:4N69-JGF0-TX71-F0TV-00000-00&context=1516831 ew York Times. (1974, August 8). Emanuele Bartoli, Italo Bono and Gaetano Casali, members of neo-Fascist... Retrieved from https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=nyta000020011127d68808ged&cat=a&ep=ASE Reuters News. (1994, June 7). Italian neo-fascist fugitive arrested in Spain. Retrieved from https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=lba0000020030219dq6701vg0&cat=a&ep=ASE Tassinari, U. M. (2018, May). La vera storia di Ordine nero, raccontata dall'addetto stampa. Retrieved from http://www.fascinazione.info/2018/05/la-vera-storia-di-ordine-nero.html Textline Multiple Source Collection. (1984, December 24). In Italy, two bombs have exploded on a train travelling between Florence and Bologna. Retrieved from https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=tmsc000020011207dgco02uw2&cat=a&ep=ASE (February 21, 1978, PM cycle). The Associated Press. Retrieved from https://advance.lexis.com/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:3SJ4-G6H0-0011-33NK-00000-00&context=1516831 Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities. (n.d.). The massacre of Piazza della Loggia. Retrieved from http://memoria.san.beniculturali.it/web/memoria/approfondimenti/scheda-approfondimenti?p_p_id=56_INSTANCE_J1sq&articleId=17872&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=normal&viewMode=normal&ambito=approfondimenti&groupId=11601 Subcommittee On Security & Terrorism. (1985). REPORT OF THE S. PRT. 99-94 SUBCOMMITTEE ON SECURITY AND TERRORISM. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/101561NCJRS.pdf Hoffman, & Bruce. (1982). Right-Wing Terrorism in Europe. Retrieved from https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA114129

4.	Further Reading

•	Ehud Sprinzak, (21 December 2007), Right‐wing terrorism in a comparative perspective: The case of split delegitimization. pg 17-43 •	Hoffman Bruce (March 1982), Right-Wing Terrorism in Europe, Defense Technical Information Center.

5.	See also

............................................................New Outline

'''1.	Introduction

'''2.	Activates

i.	Bombings

ii. Assassination

iii. Arrests

'''3.	References

'''4.	Further Reading

'''5.	See also

............................................................Road Map III

'''1.	Introduction

Fabrizio Zani, a press officer claims that he knows the true story of Ordine Nero (Black Order). He said that Ordine Nero is the evolution of Ordine Nuovo (New Order). Fabrizo adds that the Black Order was a “marketing operation”. He also added that Black order did not make any massacres regardless of the accusations.

'''2.	Activates

i.	Bombings

In 1983, members of the Ordine Nero (Black Order) and Ordine Nuovo (New Order) placed a bomb under a train in Florence, Italy. After the detonation of the bomb, no people were injured. On the other hand, on August 4th, 1974 the case was different. The same guerilla group planted a bomb on a train in Germany “Train Rome-Munich”. It exploded were the same tunnel in the which the latest explosion took place. The explosion resulted in killing 12 people and injuring 48 people. After a while, members of the neo-Fascist Ordine Nero have been arrested because they were connected to the August 4th bombing. The members included Emanuele Bartoli, Italo Bono, and Gaetano Casali. In 1980, another bombing occurred in Bologna station, Italy. The bomb was placed in the waiting room of the station. After the explosion of the bomb 85 people were killed. Until this day no one is convicted for organizing it, but the Neo-Fascist groups were blamed for it.

Savona, Italy was a victim of the Black Order movement. A series of bomb attacks occurred in Savona from April 1974 to May 1975. The public prosecutor reopened one of the bombing cases, it remained without a manager. The bombs resulted in injuring 18 people and caused severe damage to the public and private building structures.

The series of the attacks didn’t stop at Savona and Florence. Another attack that took place was on May 10th, 1974. The location of the Explosion was against the municipal tax collector offices. The city of Ancona, Italy have suffered from the fear of Ordine Nero.

The city of Brescia, Italy have suffered from the worse operations of Ordine Nero. On May 28th, 1947, planted an explosive inside a garbage container in Piazza Della Loggia. According to the Global Terrorism Database (GTD), the total number of casualties was 110. Eight people were killed and one hundred and two injured. A day before the newspapers announced that a message from the Black Order has been received. The message said that multiple attacks shall occur towards public Businesses. Since the attack, the government held three trails. The third trial ended in 2017. The trial included the new order official Carlo Maria Maggi who was convicted for organizing the massacre and the militant Maurizio Tramonte.

On February 1978, a bomb exploded on the outside of “Gazzettino di Venezia” main entrance. Gazzettino di Venezia is an editorial building of the conservative newspaper. The building is located in Venice, Italy. The explosion resulted in killing the night watchman. The 49-year-old man “Franco Battaglia in” died instantly from the explosion. The police reported that they received an anonymous call emphasizing that the bomb was planted by Ordine Nero (Black Order).

On August 10, 1983, a bomb was planted on Milan-Palermo train. Train of Milan-Palermo held approximately one thousand passengers. The train and the passengers were the groups' target. Fortunately, the bomb detonator failed to operate. The failure detonator occurred the train approaching the proximity of Vernio. The railroads were supposed to blow up due to the explosion, but due to the failure, only two mechanics were slightly injured because of the flying glass. Ordine Nero (Black Order) claimed the attack via telephone. This was going to be the largest massacre on the hands of Ordine Nero.

ii. Assassination

One of the bombings that took place between 1974-1978. The result of this bombing led to the assassination of the Assistant State Attorney Vittorio Occorsio, who was the prosecutor in the trial to dissolve the Ordine Nuovo (New Order), in 1976.

iii. Arrests

Marco Pastori was arrested several times by the police in Spain as he always managed to escape. Marco Pastori was a member of the Ordine Nero (Black Order) in Barcelona suburb of Castelldefels, Spain. Police say that the 38-year-old man was extremely dangerous, and he had been convicted of using and owning firearms and explosive which cost him different charges. He was first arrested in April 1974 because he was charged bank shooting. He was accused of killing a bank clerk and a 10-year-old girl. After he escaped, he was re-arrested in 1975. After a few years later he escaped for the second time in 1978. The police said that various neo-fascist groups in South America took him as a refuge.

'''3.	References

Agence France-Presse. (1994, June 7). Italian neo-fascist, wanted for 16 years, arrested in Spain. Retrieved from https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=afpr000020011028dq6702tlr&cat=a&ep=ASE

ANSA Notiziario Generale in Italiano. (2007, March 5). TERRORISM: BOMBS SAVONA SEVENTIES; TEXT WAS ORDER BLACK. Retrieved from https://advance.lexis.com/document/?pdmfid=1516831&crid=71abbe9a-9dc2-4fc7-9795-d77b4874ae11&pddocfullpath=/shared/document/news/urn:contentItem:4N69-JGF0-TX71-F0TV-00000-00&pddocid=urn:contentItem:4N69-JGF0-TX71-F0TV-00000-00&pdcontentcomponentid=272990&pdteaserkey=sr12&pditab=allpods&ecomp=1fyk&earg=sr12&prid=2a05fc26-3383-45c1-a4d1-418241526b66

New York Times. (1974, August 8). Emanuele Bartoli, Italo Bono and Gaetano Casali, members of neo-Fascist... Retrieved from https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=nyta000020011127d68808ged&cat=a&ep=ASE

Reuters News. (1994, June 7). Italian neo-fascist fugitive arrested in Spain. Retrieved from https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=lba0000020030219dq6701vg0&cat=a&ep=ASE

Tassinari, U. M. (2018, May). La vera storia di Ordine nero, raccontata dall'addetto stampa. Retrieved from http://www.fascinazione.info/2018/05/la-vera-storia-di-ordine-nero.html

Textline Multiple Source Collection. (1984, December 24). In Italy, two bombs have exploded on a train travelling between Florence and Bologna. Retrieved from https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=tmsc000020011207dgco02uw2&cat=a&ep=ASE

The Associated Press. (1978, February 21). No Headline. Retrieved from https://advance.lexis.com/document/?pdmfid=1516831&crid=b9649eb8-faee-4693-81a1-69e1111effa4&pddocfullpath=/shared/document/news/urn:contentItem:3SJ4-G6H0-0011-33NK-00000-00&pddocid=urn:contentItem:3SJ4-G6H0-0011-33NK-00000-00&pdcontentcomponentid=304478&pdteaserkey=sr3&pditab=allpods&ecomp=1fyk&earg=sr3&prid=f476193d-f8f7-4034-b573-0b697a7c9759

1974 - Senti le rane che cantano (n.d.). Retrieved from https://sites.google.com/site/sentileranechecantano/cronologia/1974

Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities. (n.d.). The massacre of Piazza della Loggia. Retrieved from http://memoria.san.beniculturali.it/web/memoria/approfondimenti/schedaapprofondimentip_p_id=56_INSTANCE_J1sq&articleId=17872&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=normal&viewMode=normal&ambito=approfondimenti&groupId=11601

Subcommittee On Security & Terrorism. (1985). REPORT OF THE S. PRT. 99-94 SUBCOMMITTEE ON SECURITY AND TERRORISM. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/101561NCJRS.pdf

'''4.	Further Reading

·      Ehud Sprinzak, (21 December 2007), Right‐wing terrorism in a comparative perspective: The case of split delegitimization. pg 17-43

·      Hoffman Bruce (March 1982), Right-Wing Terrorism in Europe, Defense Technical Information Center.

'''5.	See also

................................................................Road Map II

1.     Introduction

Fabrizio Zani, a press officer claims that he knows the true story of Ordine Nero (Black Order). He said that Oridine Nero is the evolution of Ordine Nuovo (New Order). Fabrizo adds that the Black Order was a “marketing operation”. He also added that Black order did not make any massacres regardless to the accusations.

2.     Activates

i.         Bombings

In 1983, members of the Ordine Nero (Black Order) and Ordine Nuovo (New Order) placed a bomb under a train in Florence, Italy. After the detonation of the bomb no people were injured. On the other hand, in August 4th, 1974 the case was different. The same guerilla group planted a bomb on a train in Germany “Train Rome-Munich”. It exploded were the same tunnel in the which the latest explosion took place. The explosion resulted in killing 12 people and injuring 48 people. After a while, members of the neo-Fascist Ordine Nero have been arrested because they were connected to the August 4th bombing. The members included Emanuele Bartoli, Italo Bono and Gaetano Casali. In 1980, another bombing occurred in Bologna station, Italy. The bomb was placed in the waiting room of the station. After the explosion of the bomb 85 people were killed. Until this day no one is convicted for organizing it, but the Neo-Fascist groups were blamed for it.

Savona, Italy was a victim of the Black Order movement. A series of bomb attacks occurred in Savona from April 1974 to May 1975. The public prosecutor reopened one of the bombing cases, it remained without a manager. The bombs resulted in injuring 18 people and caused severe damage to the public and private building structures.

On February 1978, a bomb exploded on the outside of “Gazzettino di Venezia” main entrance. Gazzettino di Venezia is an editorial building of the conservative newspaper. The building is located in Venice, Italy. The explosion resulted in killing the night watchman. The 49-year-old man “Franco Battaggliarin” died instantly from the explosion. The police reported that they received an anonymous call emphasizing that the bomb was planted by Ordine Nero (Black Order).

ii. Assassination

One of the bombings that took place between 1974-1978. The result of this bombing led to the assassination of the Assistant State Attorney Vittorio Occorsio, who was the prosecutor in the trial to dissolve the Ordine Nuovo (New Order), in 1976.on

iii. Arrests

Marco Pastori was arrested several times by the police in Spain as he always managed to escape. Marco Pastori was a member of the Ordine Nero (Black Order) in Barcelona suburb of Castelldefels, Spain. Police say that the 38-year-old man was extremely dangerous, and he had been convicted of using and owning firearms and explosive which costed him different charges. He was first arrested in April 1974 because he was charged bank shooting. He was accused of killing a bank clerk and a 10-year-old girl. After he escaped, he was re-arrested in 1975. After a few years later he escaped for the second time in 1978. The police said that various neo-fascist groups in South America took him as a refuge.

3.     References

Agence France-Presse. (1994, June 7). Italian neo-fascist, wanted for 16 years, arrested in Spain. Retrieved from https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=afpr000020011028dq6702tlr&cat=a&ep=ASE

ANSA Notiziario Generale in Italiano. (2007, March 5). TERRORISM: BOMBS SAVONA SEVENTIES; TEXT WAS ORDER BLACK. Retrieved from https://advance.lexis.com/document/?pdmfid=1516831&crid=71abbe9a-9dc2-4fc7-9795-d77b4874ae11&pddocfullpath=/shared/document/news/urn:contentItem:4N69-JGF0-TX71-F0TV-00000-00&pddocid=urn:contentItem:4N69-JGF0-TX71-F0TV-00000-00&pdcontentcomponentid=272990&pdteaserkey=sr12&pditab=allpods&ecomp=1fyk&earg=sr12&prid=2a05fc26-3383-45c1-a4d1-418241526b66

New York Times. (1974, August 8). Emanuele Bartoli, Italo Bono and Gaetano Casali, members of neo-Fascist... Retrieved from https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=nyta000020011127d68808ged&cat=a&ep=ASE

Reuters News. (1994, June 7). Italian neo-fascist fugitive arrested in Spain. Retrieved from https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=lba0000020030219dq6701vg0&cat=a&ep=ASE

Tassinari, U. M. (2018, May). La vera storia di Ordine nero, raccontata dall'addetto stampa. Retrieved from http://www.fascinazione.info/2018/05/la-vera-storia-di-ordine-nero.html

Textline Multiple Source Collection. (1984, December 24). In Italy, two bombs have exploded on a train travelling between Florence and Bologna. Retrieved from https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=tmsc000020011207dgco02uw2&cat=a&ep=ASE

The Associated Press. (1978, February 21). No Headline. Retrieved from https://advance.lexis.com/document/?pdmfid=1516831&crid=b9649eb8-faee-4693-81a1-69e1111effa4&pddocfullpath=/shared/document/news/urn:contentItem:3SJ4-G6H0-0011-33NK-00000-00&pddocid=urn:contentItem:3SJ4-G6H0-0011-33NK-00000-00&pdcontentcomponentid=304478&pdteaserkey=sr3&pditab=allpods&ecomp=1fyk&earg=sr3&prid=f476193d-f8f7-4034-b573-0b697a7c9759

4.     Further Reading

·      Ehud Sprinzak, (21 December 2007), Right‐wing terrorism in a comparative perspective: The case of split delegitimization. pg 17-43

·      Hoffman Bruce (March 1982), Right-Wing Terrorism in Europe, Defense Technical Information Center.

5.     See also

Hello World

*** PEER REVIEW COMMENTS***

In your introduction, I think you should go more into depth about the ideology of the organization. The main article for Ordine Nero does say that it is a fascist and militant organization that emerged from the far-right organization Ordine Nuovo, but did it just adopt the ideology and goals of Ordine Nuovo? Were there any changes in the group's fundamental purpose when it reemerged as the Ordine Nero? After reading through Ordine Nuovo's article and Ordine Nero's article, it seemed that both were extremely violent, but your quote from Fabrizio Zani seems to imply that Ordine Nero might not have been as violent as its predecessor. Does the new organization deviate from its originator's methods? Also, I think your introduction section would be a good place to discuss what exactly happened to Ordine Nuovo that caused the Ordine Nero to form. An organization's beginnings are important to understanding its purpose and predicting the group's future behavior. In your last sentence as well, you have a typo, and I think you meant "He also added that Black order did not commit any massacres regardless to the accusations." not make.

I think that your contribution to the article would flow and connect much better with a short "History" section as well. From my brief initial readings on the Ordine Nero, it seems they have a complex history and relationship with the Italian government that should be elaborated on and explored. This might overlap with the history of the Ordine Nuovo, but these organizations have many similarities and share a common history. I mentioned you could discuss what happened to the Ordine Nuovo organization that caused the Ordine Nero organization to develop, but you could also have that discussion in the "History".

Your "Activity" section is really detailed! You describe the different types of attacks and methods used by Ordine Nero well and in chronological order. I was wondering if you could integrate the "Assassination" section into the "Bombing" section since that was the method used. Maybe if you added more assassination attempts committed and with other types of methods it would make that section seem more standalone. This section had grammatical errors and some confusing language, so read back through it.

Overall, you have a good start, and you have added a lot of information. Read back over it and try to clean up the grammatical errors and confusing language. Consider adding a "History" section as the organization's history with its previous order and the Italian government are essential parts of the organization's development.

---2nd Peer Review Comments---

Your sections are clearly organized which makes it much easier for readers to understand. You also were able to add a lot of detail on your group, which will only help further readers understanding of your group.

The introduction seems to be pretty short, and I think it could be beneficial to you and readers if there was a little bit added to this section. Adding some sources that include details of the groups ideology could help a lot in understanding why this group began to be violent. In order to go further with the groups attacks and history, it is imperative to understand how this group got going. Ideology is the most important part of a group, because it is the whole reason they are there in the first place. Because of this, adding some facts about what this group believes in will make the wiki page much stronger and more credible.

I love all the details that are added to the activities section. You were definitely able to find most of your information on this section, which makes sense considering they are easier to document than the groups goals. I also appreciated the fact that you broke the sections off in the activities part to organize your thoughts on the assassination and the arrests following the groups attacks. So far I feel like you have a really strong wikipedia page, and have been able to find a lot of good information to make the page more credible!

I looked through and did see a few small grammatical errors that could be easily changed. Other than that this is a really good page!