User:Sisizhenyu/sandbox

History

 * Penicillium spinulosum belongs to the genus of Penicillium which can produce spinulosin. Based on Thom's notes, this species was originally isolated as a contaminant from a culture of another Penicillium. Penicillium spinulosum has a very wide distribution around the world and it is especially abundant in soil. And there're some evidence show that it is nearly identical with Citromyces pfefferianus Wehmer.

Growth and morphology

 * The minimum temperature required for Penicillium spinulosum growth is 6-7℃, the maximum temperature allowed is 41-42℃, and the optimum temperature range is 26-28℃. P. spinulosum is one of the few fungi able to decompose cutin. P.spinulosum is able to grow on tannin and it can even utilize hydrocarbons from fuel oil. The Metabolic products produced by Penicillium spinulosum include spinulosin which is active against Chalara elegans and some other fungi. P. spinulosum also occurs as a parasite on Sclerotinia species.
 * P. spinulosum does not grow at 37℃ in vitro since it reached the maximum temperature range.
 * monoverticillate penicillus and conidia

Physiology

 * In the damaged buildings, too much moisture can give microbial growth a boost, which can associate with some health issues. The spores of Penicillium spinulosum are commonly present in the indoor air, both in moisture-damaged and in reference buildings. And there's low potential for P. spinulosum to cause acute repiratory inflammation or direct cytotoxiciy.
 * There's evidence show that P. spinulosum can also cause food spoilage in paperboard packaged extended shelf life milk.
 * The results from studies show that it can cause otomycosis.

Habitat and ecology

 * P. spinulosum has a very wide distribution range around the world, and it is especially abundant in forest soils. In the USSR it has been mainly found in grey forest soils. It can also be found in coniferous forests, swamps and pine species. And it is very abundant in the litter layer, and relatively less abundant in deeper layers. There's no reports for grassland soils and it is not found in arable soils with high frequency. We can also easily found them in stored wheat grain, on damp hay and in the phylloplane of vascular plants.