User:Skaterbab/sandbox

= Global Poverty and Practice Project =

Selecting Articles
Mobile Banking

Economy of Tanzania

Poverty in Tanzania

 * Balance: All of the information comes from technocratic sources outside of Tanzania. I would say that this skews the balance.


 * Distraction: ‘Endowed Resources’ feel like an odd title to a section that references the daily living wage. I am unsure of why the ‘General Election’ section exists. This might have an impact on poverty in Tanzania, we would expect that the political economy would, but there is no information referenced that shows a link between political destabilization and poverty.


 * Representation: It feels like the political climate is over covered and used to set up corruption as a main source of poverty. This is inherently one sided.


 * Rating: Part of the WikiProject Africa, WikiProject Economics
 * The page was also nominated for deletion twice, 2016 and 2012


 * No Rating for either quality or importance


 * Difference between GPP and article: Poverty is seemingly only defined as a low daily living wage. There is nothing here about the opportunities of people living in Tanzania, and even worse, no mention of how programs currently being run are either helping or hurting Tanzanians.


 * Talk page: Only one conversation by ‘Tamsier’ about the bias in the lead section.


 * Reliable references: First two references are dictionaries, followed by some journal articles with Unicef reports sprinkled in.


 * Information out of date: Differences in daily living wage across site. Most likely this is reflective of information that is out of date.


 * Links to other articles: Tons of links

Sectors
Microfinance in Tanzania
 * Balance: Feels like an ad for Yetu Microfinance


 * Distraction: The single sidedness of the Yetu section is distracting. Also, the history of the large commercial banks should be included under their own Wikipedia pages. I feel that it doesn’t add anything to the article


 * Relevance: I learned relatively little about how micro-finance works in Tanzania,


 * Viewpoints: While the article points out that there are several institutions working in Tanzania on micro-finance, only three total institutions are discussed.


 * Rating
 * 1) Wiki Cooperatives
 * 2) Stub-Class rating for quality
 * 3) No rating for importance
 * 4) WikiProject Africa
 * 5) Stub-rating quality
 * 6) Top rating for importance
 * Difference between GPP and article: No information about who receives the loans, what the terms of the loans are, is there financial or social collateral needed, and are these programs are actually beneficial?


 * Talk page: Zero conversations on the talk page


 * Reliable references: Sub heading on ‘Yetu’ micro-finance is referenced with material from Yetu micro-finance.


 * Information out of date: Yes. The sources used are from 2001 and 2005. I believe that there must be more relevant information available.


 * Links to other articles: Relatively few, if any links

Annotated Bibliography
Mobile Money in Tanzania

An economics article exploring the price structure and use of m-money networks. The indication here is that m-money is meant to fill a structural void, and is mainly used for safe storage of money by Tanzanians

The Influence of the Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness to the Adoption of Mobile Money Services in SMEs in Tanzania

Infrastructure and ease of use appear to greatly impact the viability of m-money in Tanzania. On the infrastructure front, a lack of cell network coverage combined with power outages of the existing network limit the effectiveness of m-money. For the users, support from local businesses appears to have a disproportionate effect on the overall use of m-money. The more local business that support m-money, the more users of m-money there are in a given area.

Mobile Money’s Impact on Tanzanian Agriculture

The article shows how technological advancements in m-money network infrastructure can be beneficial, especially to rural business in agriculture. This article is highly technical, but shows that m-money can have a disproportionately positive effect on the rural poor by bridging gaps in infrastructure.

Tanzania Mainland Poverty Assessment

Poverty is trending downwards in Tanzania is the economy surges forward post-2010. However, there the benefits of economic growth have alleviated poverty more in urban areas than in rural Tanzania. Additionally, a high birth rate and the potential for economic instability means that there are wide swaths of people who are in danger of falling back across Tanzania’s poverty line.

Poverty Alleviation Policies in Tanzania: Progress and Challenges The Tanzania government instituted a program of poverty alleviation in 1995 called the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction in Poverty (NSGRP II) which breaks down into three distinct areas of focus. These ‘Clusters’ are income, quality of life, and government accountability. The article then goes on to dive into specifics of policies that fall under each cluster, with quantitative evidence showing reductions in poverty. The article concludes that more needs to be done in rural areas to address poverty alleviation.

=
Getting Digital Financial Services Entrepreneurs to Scale in India and East Africa ===== Digital financial services are transforming how the impoverished can access capital, but there are barriers for mobile banking to truly transform the economies in East Africa. The article identifies serval factors that are limiting the progress of mobile money including: lack of physical infrastructure to cash in/out, lack of capital for new companies, and the a lack of man power that is directly connected to the lack of capital. Digital financial services have yet to make enough of a dent in poverty alleviation, but with more funding to more firms financial services can reach those in need.

Exploring the impact of mobile money services on marketing interactions in relation to consumer well-being in subsistence marketplaces – lessons from rural Cambodia
Tanzania Human Development Report 2014

==== Global Findex ====

==== The Business of Financial Inclusion: Insights From Banks in Emerging Markets ==== This article, published by the Institute for International Finance, reports the findings of a survey conducted by the center on banks that are engaged in emerging markets. The article posits that banks are the primary drivers for financial inclusion and will be integral moving forward as partners with financial tech start-ups. There is a heavy pro-bank slant here, but there is good information on what access to financial services can do for consumers.

==== Micro finance and the challenge of financial inclusion for development ====

==== Non-formal institutions, informal economies, and the politics of inclusion ====

==== Offering Digital Financial Services to Promote Financial Inclusion: Lessons We've Learned ==== John Owens' article talks about the mobile money industry for both consumers and providers in broad strokes to identify some keys to rolling out a successful mobile-money platform. He notes that adoption of a m-money system within a country is partially dependent on developing trust between the users and the platform. He has found that among the poor he has seen there is a social chase to use physical plastic cards, and this could be a challenge for m-money going forward.

DRAFT Article
= POVERTY IN TANZANIA =

Tanzania has a current population of 55.57 million people[b1]. Current statistics form the World Bank show that in 2011, 49.1% of Tanzanians lived below $1.90 USD per day. This figure is an improvement over 2007’s report indicating a poverty rate of 55.1%. Tanzania has seen annual GDP gains of 7% since 2010 and this economic growth is attributed to this positive trends for poverty alleviation in Tanzania.

Recently there has been statistical reductions in the levels of extreme poverty, basic needs poverty, and food poverty. However, these reductions are occurring faster in urban areas as compared to rural areas.

Political Commitment to Poverty Alleviation
Tanzania has aligned their goals to alleviate poverty with the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and the Sustainability Development Goals (SDG) of the World Bank. Implementation of these goals on the domestic level has been introduced into both long and medium term policies.

The medium-term policies include the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction in Poverty (NSGRP) for mainland Tanzania and the Zanzibar Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (ZSGRP) for the island of Zanzibar. These policies focus poverty alleviation through building up national infrastructure, production capabilities, creating employment opportunities, increasing governmental accountability, and by improving upon quality of life metrics.

Poverty Along Geographic Divisions
Trends in poverty alleviation in Tanzania vary greatly between urban and rural areas in which about 70% of Tanzania's population dwells. Endowments play a large part in distributing economic growth unevenly, with urban households having better access to infrastructure, health services, and education. Migratory trends towards urbanization, which have risen from “5.6% in 1967 to 29.1% in 2012,”  are only increasing the inequality.

Indicators of Poverty
GDP

Trends in GDP per capita also break along the same divisions, with Dar es Salaam’s GDP per capita at Tshs. 1,600,000 as compared to the Tanzania Mainland’s of Tshs. 600,000. High levels of economic growth in Tanzania has been sustained since 2001, yet the current high rates of poverty challenge whether pure economic growth can be realized in human development.

Food Poverty

The split between rural and urban poverty is most extreme in terms of food insecurity. As of 2012 only 1% of Tanzanian’s in Dar es Salaam experience food poverty as compared to 11.3% of Tanzania’s living in rural areas.

HDI

Utilizing the Human Development Index, urban areas Dar es Salaam and Arusha are classified as having Medium levels of HDI, while the remainder of Tanzania has Low HDI. HDI indicators also show the life expectancy is on the rise, as well as declines in infant mortality.

Financial Inclusion in Tanzania
With a population of 55.57 million people and only 19% of its population enrolled into an account with a formal bank, Tanzania remains largely unbanked. Poverty alleviation is often linked with a given population’s access to formal banking instruments, and we are seeing that mobile money can serve as a crucial bridge for offering savings, credit, and insurance to Tanzania’s rural population.

In 2006 just 11% of Tanzanians had access to a financial account, but with the advent of digital financial services that number has increased to 60%. The current situation in Tanzania has improved steadily over the past 12 years with the introduction of mobile money by Tanzania’s main telecom providers. While not entirely formal banking, the new digital financial services being offered are responsible for the progress that has been made.

Hurdles do exist for linking financial services to those who need them and the primary barrier is limited infrastructure. Mobile money operators in Tanzania rely on physical locations to cash-in and cash-out, which become scarce in rural areas.

Spurring this trend for financial inclusion is the Tanzanian government, who has enacted specialized legislation to allow of interest to be collected on money deposited into their mobile wallets. This is a rarity amongst the world’s leading countries utilizing m-money, such as Kenya, and will allow for more flexibility of financial products that can be offered by the telecom providers.