User:Skeuwter/sandbox

These are my current options for the Wikipedia article writing assignment.

Option 1

 * Article title
 * Ceratophysella denticulata


 * Article Evaluation
 * This article is a stub, and is missing a lot of information. There is potential to add significant amounts of information and to improve this article.


 * Sources
 * Ceratophysella denticulata Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
 * Ceratophysella denticulata species details". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
 * Ceratophysella denticulata". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
 * Ceratophysella denticulata Species Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-04-22.

Option 2

 * Article title
 * Entomobrya unostrigata


 * Article Evaluation
 * Similar to option 1, this article is stub. There is a lot of information missing from this article, and there are sources that could be used to add to this article to make it better.


 * Sources
 * Entomobrya unostrigata Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-04-21.
 * Entomobrya unostrigata species details". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-04-21.
 * Entomobrya unostrigata". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-04-21.
 * Entomobrya unostrigata Species Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-04-21.

Option 3


= Draft of the article = Gasterophilus pecorum is a species of botfly within the genus Gasterophilus that is an obligate parasite of horses and other equids.

Gasterophilus pecorum is found in the desert steppe of Xinjiang, China, where it is the most prevalent botfly species. In Kalamaili Nature Reserve (KNR), China, G. pecorum is a major problem for the health of Przewalski's horse, which has been reintroduced in the area. Gasterophilus pecorum has also been observed infecting equids, such as the Persian Onager (Equus hemionus onager). Of the six identified species of Gasterophilus found within the KNR, G. pecorum is responsible for a majority of all botfly infections.

Larvae
G. pecorum larvae have several life stages, these larvae move throughout their host's digestive tract while going through these life stages. In the last larval stage, like other members of the genus Gasterophilus, G. pecorum have a set of hooked mouth parts, which is used to help attach themselves to their host's gastrointestinal tract. After completing this life stage, the larvae is released via the host's excrement, and it then becomes a pupa then eventually into an adult.

Adults
Adult G. pecorum similar to other members of Gasterophilus can resemble honey bees, as they have dark patches of brown and yellow hairs.

Life cycle
G. pecorum has four main life stages: egg, larvae, pupae, and adult. Unlike the other species of Gasterophilus, who usually lay their eggs on the hair of the equids, adult G. pecorum lay eggs on blades of grass like the Stipa caucasica, and G. pecorum have been shown to prefer laying their eggs near water and the paths used by the equids. It has also been shown that G. pecorum maybe detect the volatile compounds released by plants to find an oviposition site. Once the egg is consumed by the equid, a larvae emerges and makes it way into equid's digestive tract where it will remain for 9-10 months to mature, and in the process will go through three larval instars. After the larvae is finished developing, it then is released from it host via the host's feces. Here the larvae pupate and turn into adults. Adults only live for about 1-4 days since they cannot eat, but they are capable of producing large amounts of eggs. This alongside G. pecorum oviposition strategies have allowed them to become responsible for a majority of the botfly infections in KNR.

Prevention
An infection of G. pecorum is a major problem for an equid. The larval instars of G. pecorum can cause their host to develop gastrointestinal myiasis, and these infections have also been shown to affect the microbiomes of the host. Equids may take oral medications, avermectins for example, to help reduce botfly infections. It is recommended that the equids be treated once in the early summer and once again in the fall to help minimize the later larval instars.
 * Article title
 * Gasterophilus pecorum
 * Article title
 * Gasterophilus pecorum
 * Article title
 * Gasterophilus pecorum
 * Gasterophilus pecorum


 * Article Evaluation
 * This article is a stub, and it is related to many different topics, so expanding on this article could be more beneficial than the other options. This article is missing a large amount of information, but I have found more sources that could be used to expand and improve this article.


 * Sources
 * Zhang, Ke; Huang, Heqing; Zhou, Ran; Zhang, Boru; Wang, Chen; Ente, Make; Li, Boling; Zhang, Dong; Li, Kai (2021). "The impact of temperature on the life cycle of Gasterophilus pecorum in northwest China". Parasites & Vectors. 14 (1): 129. doi:10.1186/s13071-021-04623-7. ISSN 1756-3305. PMC 7923332. PMID 33648570.
 * Wang, W.; Zhang, D.; Hu, D.; Chu, H.; Cao, J.; Ente, M.; Jiang, G.; Li, K. (2014). "Population genetic structure of Gasterophilus pecorum in the Kalamaili Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI) gene sequence". Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 28 (S1): 75–82. doi:10.1111/mve.12073. ISSN 0269-283X. PMID 25171609. S2CID 546656.
 * Liu, Shan-Hui; Li, Kai; Hu, De-Fu (2016). "The incidence and species composition of Gasterophilus (Diptera, Gasterophilidae) causing equine myiasis in northern Xinjiang, China". Veterinary Parasitology. 217: 36–38. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.12.028. ISSN 0304-4017. PMID 26827858.
 * Liu, Shan-Hui; Hu, De-Fu; Li, Kai (2015). "Oviposition site selection by Gasterophilus pecorum (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) in its habitat in Kalamaili Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China". Parasite. 22: 34. doi:10.1051/parasite/2015034. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 4664853. PMID 26621549
 * Huang, Heqing; Zhang, Boru; Chu, Hongjun; Zhang, Dong; Li, Kai (2016). "Gasterophilus (Diptera, Gasterophilidae) infestation of equids in the Kalamaili Nature Reserve, China". Parasite. 23: 36. doi:10.1051/parasite/2016036. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 5018932. PMID 27593434.
 * Hu D, Chao Y, Zhang B, Wang C, Qi Y, Ente M, et al. (2021) Effects of Gasterophilus pecorum infestation on the intestinal microbiota of the rewilded Przewalski’s horses in China. PLoS ONE 16(5): e0251512. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251512
 * Zhou, R., Zhang, K., Zhang, T. et al. Identification of volatile components from oviposition and non-oviposition plants of Gasterophilus pecorum (Diptera: Gasterophilidae). Sci Rep 10, 15731 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72378-9
 * Zhou, R., Yang, J., Zhang, K. et al. Analysis of volatiles from feces of released Przewalski’s horse (Equus przewalskii) in Gasterophilus pecorum (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) spawning habitat. Sci Rep 11, 15671 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95162-9
 * Liu S-H, Hu D-F & Li K: Oviposition site selection by Gasterophilus pecorum (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) in its habitat in Kalamaili Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China. Parasite, 2015, 22, 34.
 * Webster, B. and Cardé, R.T. (2017), Use of habitat odour by host-seeking insects. Biol Rev, 92: 1241-1249. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12281
 * Hoseini SM, Zaheri BA, Adibi MA, Ronaghi H, Moshrefi AH. Histopathological Study of Esophageal Infection with Gasterophilus pecorum (Diptera: Oestridae) in Persian Onager (Equus hemionus onager). J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2017 Sep 8;11(3):441-445. PMID: 29322061; PMCID: PMC5758640.
 * Zhang, Ke, et al. "The double rhythm development and characteristics of the Gasterophilus pecorum (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) population in 2 desert steppe 3." (2020).
 * Marchiondo, Alan A.; Cruthers, Larry R.; Fourie, Josephus J. (2019-06-08). Parasiticide Screening: Volume 1: In Vitro and In Vivo Tests with Relevant Parasite Rearing and Host Infection/Infestation Methods. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-813891-5.
 * "horse bot fly - Gasterophilus intestinalis (DeGeer)". entnemdept.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-07.