User:Sl2763/sandbox

Final assignment
In the original article,

“Intermittent fasting has been found in healthy and obese adults to reduce basal insulin, triglycerides, and blood glucose in fasting periods shorter than 24 hours.[18]

Reductions in weight, improvements in cardiovascular and metabolic variables, such as fat mass, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein in non-obese individuals have been recorded.[19]” WOULD BE REMOVED

New addition

There are comparable results in glucose homeostasis between intermittent fasting and calorie restriction. There were trials that showed that insulin sensitivity may increase with intermittent fasting but it is important to note that the improvements in glucose homeostasis is similar to that of calorie restriction diets. A statement released from the American Heart Association (AHA) also stated that the researchers saw that those who had a greater average daily restriction had greatest decrease in insulin. Those that had the greatest weight loss had greater change in insulin resistance. These researchers state that intermittent fasting may have an effect on decreasing insulin.

Many findings indicate that there the total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations will decrease with intermittent fasting. These results were from participants that already had slightly elevated cholesterol. Intermittent fasting was shown to have no effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations. Other studies showed improvements in inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor, adiponectin, leptin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. The AHA concluded that intermittent fasting may lower triglyceride concentration and can be beneficial for lowering blood pressure. It can also be effective in decreasing fasting insulin and insulin resistance. These reductions are dependent on the amount of weight lost from the participants.

There have been studies looking at the metabolic changes in short-term fasting which ranged from two to four days. The duration of fasting is longer than typical intermittent fasting studies, but the participants were examined at intervals that included the time frame between 12 and 24 hours. The range from 12 to 24 hours is the typical fasting period during intermittent fasting. From a study with young adult men, researchers saw that short fasts from 18 to 24 hours may be able to breakdown stored triglycerides and fat oxidation. Similarly, another study with men and women had findings that indicated that intermittent fasting can lead to relying on fat for energy. Despite numerous studies conducted regarding the metabolic effects of intermittent fasting on participants, there should be more clinical studies done to see the long-term effects. More consistent methods in the clinical trials is necessary to make additional conclusions in regards to intermittent fasting and health risk factors.

Reflist
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Finalizing my topic
Intermittent fasting is my chosen topic. To improve the Wikipedia article, I want to write specifically about the impact of intermittent fasting on the risk factors for disease. This can include factors such as insulin, adipose tissue, weight, glucose and inflammation. There have been reviews that have talked about these results mainly on animal models. However, there were also some reviews that referred to human studies. The Wikipedia article does not mention any of the animal studies and it would be good to provide information about what research has already been conducted on mice and rats. The risk factors can contribute to diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and cancers. Intermittent fasting can have an effect on health indicators and I want to expand on that in the article.

Bibliography (links of articles)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378512214002680

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163716302513

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303720715300800

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550413116302509

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095528630400261X

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163716302513

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378512214002680

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oby.22065/full

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nure.12104/full

Potential articles
The nutrition topic I am most interested in is intermittent fasting. I know many friends who choose to follow this diet and this diet has been very popular on social media. I heard stories from friends that one can fast for a certain period of time, be able to eat whatever they want, and still lose weight. Even though I am not currently following a diet, if there was a diet where I could eat anything I want and still lose weight, I would like to know more about the diet. According to the Wikipedia page, one can do whole-day fasting or time-restricted fasting. There has also been talk about the health benefits that fasting can provide, so this topic definitely peaked my interest. I was surprised that the research section of the Wikipedia page was so limited. From preliminary research, there has been numerous studies done on laboratory animals regarding intermittent fasting and there have been reviews covering this topic.

Another nutrition topic I am interested in is binge eating. Most people are familiar with eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia but there is little to be said about binge eating disorder. In addition, it is very common to hear phrases such as “I just binged on -designated snack item-“ without giving much thought to what binging really is. I am interested in understanding the mechanisms behind binge eating and what factors can stimulate the action. The Wikipedia page has very limited information on binge eating and appears as if the page needs help. The page is formatted differently than well-written Wikipedia pages and the article has a total of only three references. The article is poorly written and would benefit from additional information. From preliminary research, there is a diagnostic criteria to indicate whether or not someone has binge eating disorder. There are specific eating patterns and frequency that has to be met in order to diagnose someone as such.

Third topic of interest is food addiction. Again as I have mentioned, I have heard of eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia, but along the lines of binge eating, there is a behavior called food addiction. It is when one consumes high fatty and sugary foods in amounts beyond what one needs. I am interested in the relation between food addiction and obesity. I also want to learn more about how food addictions are maintained, such as how reward and motivation plays a role, as well as the regulatory mechanisms. Substance addiction is usually associated with drugs and alcohol and I would be interested to learn if food addiction has any similarities. On the Wikipedia page, there is a message on top that states, “This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details.” I would be interested in helping with this issue, in addition to adding new information.

Preliminary articles regarding intermittent fasting:

·         https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1568163716302513/1-s2.0-S1568163716302513-main.pdf?_tid=c25ef5e4-0d35-11e8-aeca-00000aacb35d&acdnat=1518138698_8d59c9a6637e9f6a65952216c681b91e

·         https://ac.els-cdn.com/S2212267215002051/1-s2.0-S2212267215002051-main.pdf?_tid=fcdeff16-0d35-11e8-b083-00000aacb35d&acdnat=1518138796_0bb142e35519204549553a09ef1f738b

·         https://ac.els-cdn.com/S095528630400261X/1-s2.0-S095528630400261X-main.pdf?_tid=08cc761e-0d36-11e8-b140-00000aacb35e&acdnat=1518138816_3928f5e7a8778001c205625e8c00bb6d

Preliminary articles regarding binge eating:

·         https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0195666309000506/1-s2.0-S0195666309000506-main.pdf?_tid=1e721732-0d39-11e8-a0f7-00000aacb362&acdnat=1518140141_7610cdecfb1596278ab68d780a0f2a02

·         https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0272735815300052/1-s2.0-S0272735815300052-main.pdf?_tid=5d3031a2-0d39-11e8-b9eb-00000aacb35d&acdnat=1518140246_e4d0d0a3e2280c6dc87403a399f33299

·         https://ac.els-cdn.com/S019566631630647X/1-s2.0-S019566631630647X-main.pdf?_tid=b2353c96-0d3a-11e8-b4c1-00000aab0f02&acdnat=1518140827_c4322b399f9f76b1e7e89edb3e5d04b8

Preliminary articles regarding food addiction:

·         https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124077249000070

·         https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124077249000082

·         https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0074774216301106

·         https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0074774216301106/1-s2.0-S0074774216301106-main.pdf?_tid=d14ea9f2-1729-11e8-8978-00000aab0f6b&acdnat=1519233081_6c7a5e49b3e3e6c306802f2f75866ea0

·         https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091305717300035

Article evaluation
Kombucha

Possible research question: With the recent popularity of kombucha, is there a real benefit with consuming this drink and are the live strains in the drink surviving in our gut?

It doesn't explain the bacterial and yeast component of the drink work when it gets digested by someone.

This article has been heavily edited the past two months.

The sources are reviews or news articles covering the subject of kombucha, so there are no primary sources.

The article is of interest in in WikiProjects, Rated C-class Low importance in WikiProject Food and drink, WikiProject Pharmacology, and WikiProject Skepticism.