User:Soap/questions

To do: (This would normally be on my user page but I want the edits to be separate since I also edit my userpage for other reasons.)

Remember that User:Soap/crabs exists

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lille&oldid=697842754

Nevada & Utah
Find out why Wendover, Nevada is so much warmer than Elko, Nevada and which of the two, if either, is "normal". The elevation difference is much too small to account for the temperature difference, and the topography of both cities is similar, so it does not seem plausible to explain that Elko is in a cold air sink like that of Gunnison CO and Big Piney WY.

There are towns like Carlin, Nevada (though the climate data is sparse) and Winnemucca, Nevada (which is much more solid) that show temperature profiles more like that of Elko than that of Wendover. The warmer winter temperatures in Winnemucca may be due to its being further west, but it's remarkable that it is still much colder overall than Wendover despite being at a lower elevation.

Wendover is also surrounded by Elko-like towns to its east ... for example, Hardware Ranch, Utah (linked from Hyrum, Utah) may be the record holder for the entire west if Carlin's data is not valid. Ibapah, Utah is similar.

Gold Hill, Utah and Knolls, Utah are within about five degrees of Wendover. There is a mine that has a similar temperature profile but shifted much colder in all months due to higher elevation at Carlin, Nevada. (Not listed here, and only open for a few years.) But all in all, looking at towns in both directions leads me to conclude that it is Wendover that is anomalous and that the temperature pattern of the NV~UT plateau is more like Elko than like Wendover.

There is a lake nearby Wendover. It is possible that the lake somehow traps heat at night, and yet fails to cool the city during the day. It is near the Bonneville Salt Flats, which I would have thoguht would lower temperatures but perhaps they somehow trap heat as well.

Conclusion: Wendover is the one that's anomalous, but I have no idea why. Salt decreases albedo, so if anything I would expect Wendover to be unusually cold.

Syria
Douma, Syria is amazingly cold, similar to Roswell, despite being at a lower elevation. Both are at about 33N. Still, Roswell is only ~3500 ft and I have used it as an example of a city that is itself surprisingly cold compared to places like Lingle, Wyoming which are much further north but seem to be only slightly colder. The low temperatures in Douma are only 1.5F higher than those in Lyon, France, which is at 45N. If this were in east Asia it would be unremarkable, but the Middle East is not known for being cold, and the eastern Mediterranean is only a few miles from Europe. Douma's low temperatures average about 17F colder than those of nearby Beirut even though Douma's elevation is only 1400 feet.

Damascus is warmer than Douma, but its possible that there is an urban heat island effect keeping the temperatures warmer at night and perhaps a rain shadow effect pushing them to be warmer during the day as well. Aleppo is warmer than both Damascus and Douma despite being further north, so whatever it is that makes Douma cold does not operate nationwide. Aleppo's daily temperature range is small, so perhaps there is both an urban heat island and a Wendover-like effect of unknown origin in Aleppo.

Further east is Baghdad, on about the same latitude and only a slightly lower altitude as Douma, but much hotter in summer and even noticeably warmer in winter.

So is it real?
Its possible the data is corrupt. After all, there is plenty of corrupt data even in the USA, so it could certainly happen in Syria too. But although Damascus is warmer, it is only slightly so, and that leads me to believe that Douma's data might be correct and that Damascus is warmer because of its urban heat island. Thus both cities would be in a remarkable cold spot in an otherwise hot part of the world, perhaps due to cold air draining from the surrounding mountains.

other climate questions

 * Note, this is kept separate from User:Soap/climate data essay .

interp
https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/ has interpolated climate data, not records. this is better than nothing but we should not use it and say its real

Cities in which mean temperatures are not halfway between highs and lows
These may be mostly or entirely in the tropics. In every site I have found so far, the mean is below the midpoint, perhaps explainable by tropical thundershowers appearing during early afternoon, depressing temperatures in what in sunnier climates is the hottest part of the day.

The source may be important here, as even in a country that has one such station, another might break the pattern if its data is compiled by NOAA or a source such as climate-data.org.


 * Fangchenggang is another city in which mean temperatures are not halfway between highs and lows. The source is in Chinese and I cannot access it.
 * Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre
 * Malabo

else
Zalingei, Sudan has ~50F daily temperature amplitude.

Siem_Reap <--- december is coldest ... at 13°N! probably unrelated to the phenomenon seen in the Pacific NW and parts of Siberia but who knows? Bloemfontein has June as its coldest month and Dec is warmer than Feb ... similar to the inverse of Fairbanks AK and, as above, parts of Siberia.

The Benguela current off the west coast of Africa may actually get further north than the Humboldt current off S America. cf surprisingly mild July temperatures in Kinshasa and Cabinda (not on WP currently). Compare to Guayaquil, Ecuador, which has a fully tropical climate with hot temperatures all year round (but still a dry season). Talara, Peru, is cold because it sticks out into the ocean, so this may be the reason for the sudden change in temperatures. See also Libreville, which is actually north of the Equator but has a southern hemisphere climate pattern. Malabo has a mixed pattern but "leans north" even though it is just a tiny bit north of Libreville.

Cruzeiro_do_Sul,_Acre defies explanation.

The Black Sea
The Black Sea seems to have an interesting and perhaps unique warming influence on nearby cities, ... compare Bucharest against Odessa and perhaps Chisinau ... summers are actually warmer in the latter two despite their beingfurther north and closer to the sea. It is possible that the latter two have urban heat island effects but neither city is particularly large, and Bucharest is clearly larger. Sevastopol is even slightly warmer than Bucharest as well. Krasnodar is still warmer than Bucharest.

(Sochi is slightly further south than Bucharest so I wont bother with it.)

Average temperatures remain warm moving further east, only falling to Bucharest's level at 65°E in Kyzylorda, in central Kazakhstan. Though it could be said that Kyzylorda is cooler in the sense that its summers are much less humid than Bucharest's.

b
Verner's Law Ideas: Verner and Grimm at the same time b bh p b  bh ph p  bh ph (possibly even p  b  ph, the same system as Greek). Aspiration disappears before nasals, which means Kluge's Law can happen at any time and have identical results. p v  f
 * Grimner's Law:

Greek may reflect laryngeals as vowels even before /w/: PIE *hwidʰéwxhe ---> ēïthéos, unless the ē isnt directly from the h.

an alternative view:

the /b/ ---> /p/ change in the Alps around 700 AD was probably not connected to the High German consonant shift, as the shift only operated in dialects in which /b/ ---> /p/ had not occurred. Yet, the shift also included /b/ ---> /p/, so either it was due to imitation or the shift wrapped around and included dialects which had originally been outside it.

Parasitic snails

 * 1) Enteroxenos
 * 2) Thyonicola
 * 3) Entocolax

things i dont believe in

 * 1) tadpoles
 * 2) elephants
 * 3) american pie

other

 * Do fish eyes have a minimum size? It seems that in both larvae and small adult fish, the eye is proportionally larger the smaller the body of the fish is.  This suggests there must be a minimum size beneath which the eye cannot function.
 * did Eskimos sail across the Atlantic ocean and visit Europe?
 * Are dogs decsndeded from wolves, or only from a wolflike animal whose non-domesticated ancestors went extinct?
 * Is AIDS a new disease, or is it only a recent resurgence of a disease that wreaked havoc more than 10000 years ago, leaving its mark on the human genome in an asymmetrical distribution of people with genetic immunity to HIV?