User:SofDetrHerg/sandbox

Listings Formerly Located in Downtown/Midtown Detroit
The following listings were located in Detroit at the time they were placed on the Register, but have since moved to other locations.

Listings Formerly Located in Downtown/Midtown Detroit
The following listings were located in Downtown / Midtown Detroit at the time they were placed on the Register, but have since moved to other locations.

Listings Formerly Located in Wayne County, Michigan
The following listings were located in Wayne County outside of Detroit at the time they were placed on the Register, but have since moved to other locations.

The Treaty of Paris (1783)
The border originated with the Treaty of Paris in 1783, which ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the separating colonies which would form the United States. The 45th parallel was established as the border between Lower Canada (Quebec) and New York State (including what is now Vermont). The St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes became the boundary between Upper Canada (Ontario) and the United States.

The Jay Treaty (1794)
The Jay Treaty of 1794 (effective 1796) created the International Boundary Commission, which was charged with surveying and mapping the boundary. It also provided for removal of British military and administration from Detroit and other frontier outposts on the U.S. side. It was superseded by the Treaty of Ghent (effective 1815) concluding the War of 1812, which included pre-war boundaries.



The London Convention (1818)
Westward expansion of both British North America and the United States saw the boundary extended west along the 49th parallel from the Northwest Angle at Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains under the Treaty of 1818. This treaty extinguished British claims south of that latitude to the Red River Valley, which was part of Rupert's Land. The treaty also extinguished U.S. claims to land north of that line in the watershed of the Missouri River, which was part of the Louisiana Purchase; this amounted to three small areas, consisting of the northern part of the drainages of the Milk River (today in southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan), the Poplar River (Saskatchewan), and Big Muddy Creek (Saskatchewan).

Ashburton Treaty (1842)
Disputes over the interpretation of the border treaties, and mistakes in surveying it, required additional negotiations resulting in the Webster–Ashburton Treaty of 1842. The treaty resolved the dispute known as the Aroostook War over the boundary between Maine on the one hand, and New Brunswick and the Province of Canada the other. The treaty redefined the border between New Hampshire, Vermont and New York on the one hand, and the Province of Canada on the other, resolving the Indian Stream dispute and the Fort Blunder dilemma at the outlet to Lake Champlain. The boundary along the 45th parallel had been surveyed after the War of 1812. The US Government began to construct fortifications just south of the border at Rouses Point on Lake Champlain. After a significant portion of the construction was completed, measurements revealed that at that point, the actual 45th parallel was three-quarters of a mile south of the surveyed line; the fort, which became known as "Fort Blunder," was in Canada. This created a dilemma for the United States that was not resolved until a provision of the treaty left the border on the meandering line as surveyed. The border along the Boundary Waters in present day Ontario and Minnesota between Lake Superior and the Northwest Angle was also redefined.

The Oregon Treaty (1846)
An 1844 boundary dispute during U.S. President James K. Polk's administration led to a call for the northern boundary of the U.S. west of the Rockies to be latitude 54° 40' north (related to the southern boundary of Russia's Alaska Territory), but the United Kingdom wanted a border that followed the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. The dispute was resolved in the Oregon Treaty of 1846, which established the 49th parallel as the boundary through the Rockies.

The Northwest Boundary Survey (1857-61)
The Northwest Boundary Survey (1857–61) laid out the land boundary, but the water boundary was not settled for some time. After the Pig War in 1859, arbitration in 1872 established the border between the Gulf islands and the San Juan Islands.

The International Boundary Survey (1872-1876)
The International Boundary Survey, called the Northern Boundary Survey in the United States, began in 1872. Its mandate was to establish the border as agreed to in the Treaty of 1818. Archibald Campbell led the way for the United States. Donald Cameron headed the British team. This survey focused on the border from the Lake of the Woods to the summit of the Rocky Mountains.

The Alaska boundary dispute (1903)
In 1903 a joint United Kingdom – Canada – U.S. tribunal established the boundary with Alaska, much of which follows the 141st meridian west.

Rail Crossings


{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! Canada Nearest Community !! Canada Rail Company !! United States Nearest Community !! United States Rail Company !! Notes !! Structure or Notable Feature !! Coordinates
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|

British Columbia–Alaska

 * Fraser
 * WPY
 * Skagway
 * WPY
 * 3 feet narrow gauge route, isolated line not connected to any others in North America. Former northern terminus Whitehorse, now ends at Carcross.
 * 59.62444°N, -135.13905°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * 59.62444°N, -135.13905°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|

British Columbia–Washington

 * White Rock
 * BNSF
 * Blaine
 * BNSF
 * Used by Amtrak Cascades passenger trains.
 * 49.0021°N, -122.7575°W
 * Huntingdon
 * CP & SRY
 * Sumas
 * BNSF
 * 49.0024°N, -122.2669°W
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Grand Forks
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| KFR
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Danville
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| KFR
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Abandoned by the KFR south of the border
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"|
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| 49.0001°N, -118.4926°W
 * Billings
 * KFR
 * Laurier
 * KFR
 * Canada section isolated from Canadian rail network following CP's 1991 abandonment of their Boundary Sub, accessible only through the U.S.
 * 49.0001°N, -118.2246°W
 * Waneta
 * KFR
 * Boundary
 * KFR
 * Canada section isolated from Canadian rail network following abandonment of Burlington Northern's Nelson Sub in 1989, only accessible through the U.S.
 * 49.0007°N, -117.6269°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * 49.0001°N, -118.2246°W
 * Waneta
 * KFR
 * Boundary
 * KFR
 * Canada section isolated from Canadian rail network following abandonment of Burlington Northern's Nelson Sub in 1989, only accessible through the U.S.
 * 49.0007°N, -117.6269°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * 49.0007°N, -117.6269°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|

British Columbia–Idaho

 * Kingsgate
 * CP
 * Eastport
 * UP
 * 49.0005°N, -116.1822°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * 49.0005°N, -116.1822°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|

Alberta–Montana

 * Coutts
 * CP
 * Sweetgrass
 * BNSF
 * 48.9984°N, -111.959°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * 48.9984°N, -111.959°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|

Saskatchewan–North Dakota

 * North Portal
 * CP
 * Portal
 * CP (SOO)
 * 48.9989°N, -102.549°W
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Northgate
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| CN
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Northgate
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| BNSF
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| CN abandoned north of the border in 2001
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"|
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| 48.9988°N, -102.2643°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| CN abandoned north of the border in 2001
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"|
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| 48.9988°N, -102.2643°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|

Manitoba–Minnesota

 * Emerson
 * CN (west track) / CP (east track)
 * Noyes
 * BNSF (west track) / CP (east track)
 * Since closure of the adjacent road border crossing, this rail crossing has been managed by nearby Emerson (Canada) and Pembina (U.S.) ports.
 * 49.0004°N, -97.2037°W
 * Middlebro (Sprague)
 * CN
 * Longworth (Warroad)
 * CN
 * The U.S. stretch between Warroad & Baudette connects only through Canada. It was isolated from the U.S. rail network when Minnesota Northern Railroad abandoned the Warroad subdivision in 2009.
 * 48.999°N, -95.3756°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * The U.S. stretch between Warroad & Baudette connects only through Canada. It was isolated from the U.S. rail network when Minnesota Northern Railroad abandoned the Warroad subdivision in 2009.
 * 48.999°N, -95.3756°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|

Ontario–Minnesota

 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Rainy River
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| CN
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Baudette
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| CN
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| The U.S. stretch between Warroad & Baudette connects only through Canada.
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"|
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 48.7196°N, -94.5914°W
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Fort Frances
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| MDW
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| International Falls
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Minnesota, Dakota & Western Railway
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Once connecting to CN's nearby mainline, the Fort Frances stretch is now isolated from the Canadian rail network. Trains must cross this bridge to the U.S. to get back into Canada.
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Fort Frances – International Falls International Bridge
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 48.60741°N, -93.40178°W
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Fort Frances
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| CN
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Ranier
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| CN
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"|
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Ranier International Rail Bridge
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 48.6149°N, -93.40178°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Ranier International Rail Bridge
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 48.6149°N, -93.40178°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|

Ontario–Michigan

 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Sault Ste. Marie
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| CN (ACR)
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Sault Ste. Marie
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| CN (WC)
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"|
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| International Rail Bridge
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 46.5085°N, -84.3616°W
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Sarnia
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| CN
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Port Huron
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| CN
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"|
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Paul M. Tellier Tunnel
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 42.9595°N, -82.4226°W
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Windsor
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| CP
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Detroit
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| CP
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"|
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Michigan Central Railway Tunnel
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 42.3192°N, -83.0584°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Michigan Central Railway Tunnel
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 42.3192°N, -83.0584°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|

Ontario–New York

 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Fort Erie
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| CN
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Buffalo
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| CN
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"|
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| International Railway Bridge
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 42.9295°N, -78.908°W
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Niagara Falls
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| CP
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Niagara Falls
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| CP
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Closed to rail traffic in 2000. Presently mothballed.
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Michigan Central Railway Bridge
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| 43.1085°N, -79.0582°W
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Niagara Falls
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| CN
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Niagara Falls
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| CSX
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Used by Amtrak/Via Maple Leaf passenger trains.
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Whirlpool Rapids Bridge
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 43.10924°N, -79.05833°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Whirlpool Rapids Bridge
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 43.10924°N, -79.05833°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|

Quebec–New York

 * Sainte-Agnès-de-Dundee
 * CSX
 * Fort Covington
 * CSX
 * 44.9976°N, -74.4858°W
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Elgin
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| NYC
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Trout River
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| NYC
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Abandoned, but ROW intact.
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"|
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| 44.9922°N, -74.2423°W
 * Cantic
 * CP (west track) & CN (east track)
 * Rouses Point
 * CP (DH)
 * Used by Amtrak Adirondack passenger trains, using CN track in Canada. Cantic port of entry next to Lacolle 223.
 * 45.0102°N, -73.3717°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * Rouses Point
 * CP (DH)
 * Used by Amtrak Adirondack passenger trains, using CN track in Canada. Cantic port of entry next to Lacolle 223.
 * 45.0102°N, -73.3717°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|

Quebec–Vermont

 * Clarenceville
 * CN
 * Alburg Springs
 * CN
 * 45.0125°N, -73.2412°W
 * Abercorn
 * CMQ
 * Richford
 * CMQ
 * U.S. section isolated from the U.S. rail network following 1990 abandonment of Central Vermont Railway's Richford Branch. Trains in the U.S. must pass through Canada. Part of the Farnham-Richford-North Troy line.
 * 45.0151°N, -72.6637°W
 * Glen Sutton
 * CMQ
 * East Richford
 * CMQ
 * Canadian section has always been isolated from the Canadian rail network. Trains must pass through the U.S. to connect with the rest of Canada. Part of the Farnham-Richford-North Troy line.
 * 45.0116°N, -72.5859°W
 * Highwater
 * CMQ
 * North Troy
 * CMQ
 * Trains in Canada must pass back through the U.S. from this isolated section. Part of the Farnham-Richford-North Troy line.
 * 45.0071°N, -72.4122°W
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Lineboro
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Quebec Central Railway (QC)
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| North Derby
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Quebec Central Railway (QC)
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Tracks were removed in the 1990s. Now Piste cyclable de Stanstead (Canada) and Newport Bikepath (U.S.). Signs urge cyclists not to cross here.
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"|
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| 45.0058°N, -72.1715°W
 * Stanhope
 * SLR
 * Norton
 * SLQ
 * 45.0106°N, -71.7951°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Quebec Central Railway (QC)
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Tracks were removed in the 1990s. Now Piste cyclable de Stanstead (Canada) and Newport Bikepath (U.S.). Signs urge cyclists not to cross here.
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"|
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| 45.0058°N, -72.1715°W
 * Stanhope
 * SLR
 * Norton
 * SLQ
 * 45.0106°N, -71.7951°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * 45.0106°N, -71.7951°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|

Quebec–Maine

 * Trudel (Lac-Mégantic)
 * CMQ
 * Beattie (Jackman)
 * CMQ
 * 45.5467°N, -70.6893°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * 45.5467°N, -70.6893°W
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|
 * colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|

New Brunswick–Maine

 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| St. Leonard
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| MNRY
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Van Buren
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| MNRY
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"|
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| unnamed rail bridge
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 47.1749°N, -67.9423°W
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Green Road
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| CAR
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| Houlton
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| CAR
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| abandoned June 1989
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"|
 * style="background-color:#FFA0A0"| 46.0952°N, -67.7812°W
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| St. Croix
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| NBSR
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Vanceboro
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| EMRY
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Only Canada-U.S. border crossing to be attacked by a foreign force. See Vanceboro international bridge bombing.
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Saint Croix-Vanceboro Railway Bridge
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 45.564°N, -67.4275°W
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Mohannes
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| NBSR
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Woodland
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| NBSR
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| The American stretch is isolated from the rest of the U.S. rail network, and trains must cross this bridge to a small portion through Canada to the U.S. at Baring. Part of NBSR’s St. Stephen-Calais-Woodland branch; leased from Woodland Rail.
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Sprague Falls Railroad Bridge
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 45.1669°N, -67.4043°W
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Upper Mills
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| NBSR
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Baring Plantation
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| NBSR
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| The Canadian stretch between Mohannes and Upper Mills is isolated from the Canadian rail network, and trains must cross this bridge into the U.S. to connect to the rest of Canada. Sold to Woodland Rail by Pan-Am Railways after a short period out of service. Part of the St. Stephen-Calais-Woodland branch; leased from Woodland Rail.
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Baring Railroad Bridge
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 45.1344°N, -67.4043°W
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| St. Stephen (Milltown)
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| NBSR
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Calais
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| NBSR
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| The American stretch between Baring and Calais is isolated from the U.S. rail network, and trains in the U.S. must switch direction and cross this bridge into Canada to connect with the rest of the U.S. rail network. The line was disconnected from the U.S. network when Guilford Rail (Pan-Am Railways) abandoned the connecting line to Bangor in 1989; those rails were intact until torn up in the late 2000s. Part of the St. Stephen-Calais-Woodland branch; leased from Woodland Rail on the U.S. side.
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Salmon Falls Railroad Bridge
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 45.1748°N, -67.2915°W
 * }
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Calais
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| NBSR
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| The American stretch between Baring and Calais is isolated from the U.S. rail network, and trains in the U.S. must switch direction and cross this bridge into Canada to connect with the rest of the U.S. rail network. The line was disconnected from the U.S. network when Guilford Rail (Pan-Am Railways) abandoned the connecting line to Bangor in 1989; those rails were intact until torn up in the late 2000s. Part of the St. Stephen-Calais-Woodland branch; leased from Woodland Rail on the U.S. side.
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| Salmon Falls Railroad Bridge
 * style="background-color:#CCFFCC"| 45.1748°N, -67.2915°W
 * }