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User:Sograves/sandbox3

Economy
'''Turin developed as a Fordist city in the early twentieth century, which meant a shift from a service-based economy to an industry-based one. In the vein of many Fordist economies Turin's economy relied heavily upon its automotive and aerospace industries. Despite the general decline of the automotive industry since the oil crisis of 1973, the city still relies heavily upon its automotive industry. Since before the 1970s, the automotive industry has been the largest employer in the city, and almost all exports from Turin are manufactured goods. The city served as the headquarters to Fiat (Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino; Turin Italian Automobiles Factory), which has since been succeeded by the Fiat Chrysler Automobiles group in London, the seventh''' largest automotive company in the world. Turin is still home to a sizeable Fiat factory.

'''Turin has since diversified its economy and is shifting more towards a service economy. Tech and innovation industries are booming in Turin, which was ranked third in number of innovative startups and firms in the information-tech sector, and has some of the most patent applications to the European Patent Office of any city. In 2008 the city generated a GDP of $68 billion, ranking as the world's 78th richest city by purchasing power,[13] and 16th in Europe, according to PricewaterhouseCoopers.[38] Turin accounts for 8 percent''' of Italy's GDP. The city has been ranked in 2010 by Globalization and World Cities Research Network as a Gamma-level city.

Castilian rule
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The city's development continued after the Castilian conquest in 1248. Public buildings were constructed including churches—many of which were built in the Mudéjar and Gothic styles—like the Seville Cathedral, built during the 15th century with Gothic architecture.[15] 'Other Moorish buildings were converted into Catholic edifices, as was customary of the Catholic Church during the Reconquista''. For example, the Torre del Oro—once an important Moorish naval watchtower along the Guadalquivir—was converted into a cathedral by 1271.''' The Moors' Palace became the Castilian royal residence, and during Pedro I's rule it was replaced by the Alcázar (the upper levels are still used by the Spanish royal family as the official Seville residence).

The Golden Age
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In the late 16th century the monopoly was broken, with the port of Cádiz also authorised as a port of trade. '''Throughout the 17th century, colonial trade declined. Spain's American Colonies improved their production of basic goods, stifling trade with the Empire. Compounded with these tribulations was the silting of the Guadalquivir river in the 1620s, which made Seville's harbors harder to use, and ceased upriver shipping. The Great Plague of Seville in 1649, exacerbated by excessive flooding of the Guadalquivir,  reduced the population by over a third''', and it would not recover until the early 19th century. [19] By the 18th century, Seville's international importance was in decline.