User:SolAisenberg

--SolAisenberg 14:16, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Gravity outside our Solar System

Many of the mysteries in the standard model of the universe are the result of making two wrong assumptions without proof. In fact the appearance of the mysteries and puzzles is proof that these assumptions are wrong and need to be corrected.

The first wrong assumptions is that the gravitational theory and gravitational constant, while accurately based upon observations in our solar system, can also be used at large galactic distances. This has led to the need for the masssive fudge factor, Dark Matter, to explain the flat (constant) rotational velocity at the outer edges of spiral galaxies (Vera Rubin), and, earlier, the unusual motion of groups of galaxies (Fritz Zwicky). Our introduction of expanded gravity will remove the need for Dark Matter.

The concept of Expanded Gravity is simply the consideration that the gravitational constant itself may also depend upon distance. This can be tested by using only one additional term in a power series expansion of the gravitational constant by adding a term linear in distance A*r - and then seeing if the observations published by others show if the coefficient A of this additinal linerar term is zero or non-zer. The rotation curves of spiral galaxies permit a determination of the non-zero value of the coefficient A.

This theory involves distance and is different from the MOND theory of Milgrom which involve acceleration.

The second wrong assumption (also related to gravity) is that the Red Shift is due to the Doppler Effect and can be used to determine the receeding velocity of stars and galaxies. Actually there are three other contributions to the measured Red Shifts and they only depend upon gravity, and not on velocity.

The first gravitational contribution is the redshift for photons leaving stars and galaxies.

The second gravitational contribution is related to the Expanded Gravity Long Range (EGLR) gravitational effect that explains Dark Matter.

The third gravitational contribution is due to gravitational drag on photons traveling long distances - this is similar to the tidal energy transferred to the earth by the moon - without requiring physical contact.

This third contribution predicts tired light linear with distance - and supports the early tired light suggestion of Fritz Zwicky because it reduces photon energy (red shift) without requiring scattering collisions that would blur the remote images of stars and galsaxies - and answers this objection.

Consequences of the reexamination of the meaning of the red shift is the questioning and possible reformulation of the standard model of the universe including the expanding universe, the acceleration of the expansion, Dark Energy, the meaning of the Hubble Constant, the age of the universe, the Event Horozin, and the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Also explained is the reported gaps in the redshifts over small angular viewing ranges, and the measured transverse velocities of remote galaxies - apparently larger than the velocity of light. Correcting the distance deduced from the redshift would eliminate this puzzle.

The standard model of the universe has too many problems to survive unchanged and according to Ockham' Razor, (try Google search on the correct spelling) a simplier model is preferable.

Details along with references are provided at http://inventing-solutions.com/simplified-universe.htm

This is my first posting so there may be problems. Please make corrections.

Sol Aisenberg, Ph.D.