User:Somara23/sandbox

this is a test

(LEAD SECTION) A French professor of agricultural engineering called Max Ringelman demonstrated what “Social Loafing” was in the 1890’s. Ringelman who was also considered one of the founders of Social Psychology, made people pull on ropes separately the in groups, and he measured and compared how hard they pulled. After collecting the results he realized that members of a group tended to exert less effort in pulling a rope than did individuals alone. In more recent research, studies involving modern technology, such as online and distributed groups, have also shown clear evidence of social loafing. Many of the causes of social loafing stem from individual members feeling that his or her effort will not matter to the group.[3][4] This is seen as one of the main reasons groups are sometimes less productive than the combined performance of their members working as individuals, but should be distinguished from the accidental coordination problems that groups sometimes experience.

Source : Social Loafing, When groups are bad for productivity. “www.spring.org.uk” (CAUSE OF LOAFING) Non-Involvement Social loafing has been linked to people the non-involvement of the members within the group Studies have shown that groups where the members were not personally involved in the project had a higher chance to experience social loafing. When members of group can bring a contribution that is unique and that complements the project, loafing is highly unlikely to occur. That contribution could be considered unique, if each member had a specific task that only he or she could and would do that would contribute to the completion of the project. Authors from Texas Wesleyan University confirmed that : “ Individuals are less likely to loaf when they feel the contribution is unique, and no other group member can contribute the skills to the task that they can.”Furthermore, when the project has a personal meaning to them, they are more involved and do not practice social loafing

Source : Effects of Personal Involvement: Thought-ProvokingImplications for Social Loafing, Mary A. BricknerOhio State University, Stephen G. Harkins Northeastern University Thomas M. Ostrpm Ohio State University ttps://pdfs.semanticscholar.org

Social Loafing: A Review of the Literature, Ashley simms, Tommy Nichols, Texas Wesleyan University,2014.

(Reduction part) Peer Evaluation is considered a way of reducing social loafing because when group members are able to go over each other’s works and criticize or comment on them, it makes group members realize that they will be on the spot if they do not work on their project and that at the same time, there will be repercussions. That will encourage them to engage themselves more deeply into their work. Researchers like John Rich from Delaware State University said that “Members may be allowed to fire loafers, forcing them to have to work together in a new group”. To them, firing the loafers could be a consequence and this measure would decrease social loafing and make people take accountability.

Source is : https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume14/2-Some-Strategies-for-Reducing.pdf

(Motivational Strategies ) From all the solutions researchers have proposed to reduce Social Loafing, not many proposed that the actual team leader or project director shows interest in the workers’ project. When the team members think that even though they are doing well on their work, that the team leader will no notice, it encourages social loafing. People like to feel encouraged and appreciated. Leaders need to be more involved in the workers’ jobs by giving good and constructive criticism to keep them interested.

Source: Social Loafing and its Impact in Team Projects, Ron Thompson, Elizabeth Baker. Magazine.business.wfu.edu