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Peter Somogyi is the former Director of the Medical Research Council Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit at the University Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, England.

Amongst many scientific honours he was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 2000 and awarded the first (together with hungarian co-winners Gyorgy Buzsaki and Tamas Freund) Grete Lundbeck European Brain Research Foundation Brain Prize in 2011.

Education
First Degree:1975, Biology, first class, (5 year course, including final year research project for a Degree equivalent to an M.Sc.) Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.Graduating Thesis: Electron microscopic cytochemical studies on cholinesterases in the adrenal medulla (in Hungarian). Second Degree: 1977, Ph.D., (summa cum laude) Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. Title of Thesis: The Synthesis and Release of Acetylcholinesterase(in Hungarian). Higher Degree: 1987, D.Sc., Doctor of Biological Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

Professional appointments
1975-1976: Junior Research Fellow Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1st Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University 				Medical School, Budapest, Hungary. Supervisors: Dr. J. Hámori, Professor J. Szentágothai.

1976-1983: Research Fellow Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1st Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary. On leave from above post as visiting scientist: 1977-1978: Departmental Demonstrator, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford. Supervisor: Dr A.D. Smith. 1978-1979: Wellcome Trust Research Fellow, (18 months) Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford. 1980-1982: Visiting scientist as above (4 month/year).

1983-1985: Senior Research Fellow, (25 months) Department of Human Physiology, Flinders Medical School, South Australia.

1985- 2015: Associate Director, later Co-Director, then Director of the M.R.C. Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford.

2015 April 1st – 31st Dec, Associate Director, Brain Network Dynamics Unit of the MRC, Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, U.K.

2016 Jan. 1st – to date, Professor of Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, U.K.

Invited Faculty Member on Postgraduate Courses
1986 Biological Aspects of Neuron Activity, International School of Biophysics Erice, Italy

1987 Molecular Neuroanatomy, ETP/ENA/IBRO Course, Amsterdam, Netherlands Advanced Neuroanatomy, ESF/ETP Course, Budapest, Hungary Cerebral Cortex as a Unified Structure, Soc. for Neurosci. Course, New Orleans, U.S.A.

1994 Ionic Channels in Nerve Cells, Winter School, Alicante, Spain Neuroscience for Clinicians, Jesus College, Cambridge, UK

1996 Postgraduate Course in Neurotransmission, Debrecen Med. Sch., Hungary, Cerebral Cortex, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Postgraduate Course,

2000	IBRO Summer School, Functional Neuroanatomy, Tihany, Hungary

Named and Honorary Lectures
1990	Moruzzi Lecture, European Neuroscience Association, Stockholm

1995	Julian Tobias Memorial Lecture, University of Chicago

2001	Jerzy Olszewski Lecture, Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada

2002	János Szentágothai Memorial Lecture, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary

2003	Wenner-Gren Distinguished Lecturer, Sweden

2003	Segerfalk Award Lecture, University of Lund, Sweden

2004	Special Plenary Lecture, 16th IFAA Conference, Kyoto, Japan

2005	1st János Szentágothai Memorial Lecture, University of California, Irvine, USA

2006	Quastel Lecure, Otto Loewi Conference, Eilat, Israel

2006	Servier Conference Lecture, Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Montreal

2008	The IBRO Lecture, Univ. Debrecen, Hungary

2008	The 1st Hans Kosterlitz Lecture, University of Aberdeen, Scotland

2009	Keynote Lecure, in: EMBO, Cortical Interneurons in Health and Disease, Mallorca, Spain

2012	The Brain Prize Lecture, FENS Conference, Barcelona, Spain

2012	János Szentágothai Memorial Lecture, Hungarian Medical Assoc. of America, Sarasota, USA

2012	Dezső Miskolczy Memorial Lecture, Univ. of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu Mures, Romania

2013	Loránd Eötvös Day Lecture, Loránd Eötvös University, Budapest

2013	Keynote Lecture, Conference on Inhibitory Control of Brain Plasticity, Krakow, Poland

2015   Opening Plenary Lecture, Multinational Congress of Microscopy, Eger, Hungary

Editorial board member
1978-2011	Neuroscience

1987-1989	Journal of Neurocytology

1988- 2005	Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

1988-		European Journal of Neuroscience (1996-99 receiving editor)

1989- 2019	Experimental Brain Research

1990-		Cerebral Cortex

1992-2005	J. Hirnforschung

1995-2001	J. Neuroscience

2003-		Hippocampus

2007-		Brain Structure and Function

2008-		J. Experimental Neuroscience

2013-		Neuroscience Bulletin

Prizes and Awards
1976:	Scientific Prize of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences for Junior Scientists. First prize

1977:	Scientific Prize of the Hung. Acad. Sci. for Junior Scientists. First Prize

1982:	M. Lenhossek Prize of the Association of Hungarian Anatomists and Embryologists

1984:	Charles Judson Herrick Award of the Association of American Anatomists

1988:	Merck Sharp and Dohme Visiting Professor at the Department of Medicine, Flinders University, South Australia

1990	Honorary Doctorate, Jozsef Attila University, Szeged, Hungary

1991	Krieg Cortical Discoverer Award of the Cajal Club, American Anatomical Society,

1995	Yngve Zotterman Prize, Physiological Society, Stockholm, Sweden

1996	Professor of Neurobiology, Oxford University

1998	Distinguished Visiting Professor, Kyoto University

2002	Visiting Professor, National Institute of Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan

2004	Elected Nicholas Kurti Senior Research Fellow, Brasenose College, Oxford

2006	János Arany Medal, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Presidential Committee for Contribution to Hungarian Science from Abroad

2006	István Báthory Award from the Hungarian National Council of Transylvania for working on restoring Hungarian higher education in Romania

2008	Elected Associate, Neuroscience Research Program, The Neurosciences Institute, San Diego

2009	The Feldberg Prize and Lectures, Germany, Feldberg Foundation, London, UK

2010   Sanford L. Palay Prize (USA), The Journal of Comparative Neurology and the Cajal Club

2011   The Brain Prize, Grete Lundbeck European Brain Research Foundation, Copenhagen

2012	The Semmelweis – Budapest Award, Semmelweis Med. University, Budapest, Hungary

2013	Honorary Doctorate, Loránd Eötvös University, Budapest

2013	Pro Urbe Prize of the town of Szentendre, Hungary, for contribution to education

2014	Honorary Doctorate, The University of Zurich, Switzerland

2014	Elected Member of the European Molecular Biology Organisation (EMBO)

Membership of Learned Societies
2000 	Elected Fellow of the Royal Society of London

2004	Elected Corresponding Fellow of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences,

2006	Elected Fellow of The Medical Academy of Sciences, London

2006	Elected Member of The German National (Leopoldina) Academy of Sciences

2009   Elected Member of the Academia Europaea

2013	Elected Full Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences

Commissions of Trust
1994	to date	Trustee of the Hugh Blaschko European Research Trust, The University of Oxford

2005-2016 Founder, Chair, the Oxford Ramon y Cajal Scholarship Award, Central Europe

2012	to date	Founder of the Steven Kuffer Research Foundation

Some senior scientists mentored as students or postdocs and their positions
Dr. M. Antal, Professor, Head, Dept. Anatomy, Univ. Medical Sch., Debrecen, HungaryDr. A. Baude, Senior Scientist, CNRS, Marseille, France

Dr. E. H. Buhl, (deceased) Professor, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, U.K.

Dr. P. Bolam, Professor (ad hominem) MRC Unit, Dept. Pharmacology, Univ. Oxford, U.K.

Dr. S. Cobb, Reader, Dept. Pharmacology, Univ. Glasgow, UK

Dr. F. Ferraguti, Professor of Pharmacology, Chair, Innsbruck University, Austria

Dr. T. F. Freund, Professor, Director, Inst. of Exp. Med., Hungarian Acad. Sci., Budapest, Hungary

Dr. P. Gabbott, Lecturer, Open University, Milton Keynes, U.K.

Dr. K. Halasy, Professor, Dept. Anatomy & Histology, Veterinary School, Budapest, Hungary

Dr. Z. F. Kisvarday, Docent, Dept. Anatomy, Univ. Medical Sch., Debrecen, Hungary

Dr. T. Klausberger, Professor, Univ. Vienna, Austria; Senior Scientist, MRC Unit, Oxford, U.K.

Dr. M. Kritzer, Associate Prof. Dept. Neurobiol. Behav., SUNY at Stony Brook, New York, U.S.A.

Dr. P. R. Lowenstein, Cedars Sinai Med Center, Gene Therapuetics Res Inst, Los Angeles, U.S.A.

Dr. R. Lujan-Miras, Lecturer, Facultad de Medicina, Univ. Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, Spain

Dr. G. Maccaferri, Assistant Prof., Dept Physiol, Sch. Med., Northwestern Univ. Chicago, USA

Dr. L. Marton, (deceased) Docent, EMTE-Sapientia Univeristy, Targu-Mures, Romania

Dr. G. Nyiri, Inst. of Exp. Med., Hungarian Acad. Sci., Budapest, Hungary

Dr. Z. Nusser, Research Professor, Inst. Exp. Med., Hungarian Acad. Sci., Hungary

Dr. O. Paulsen, Professor of Physiology, Cambridge University, U.K.

Dr E. Pissadaki, IBM Thomas J Watson Research, New York, U.S.A.

Dr. J. V. Priestley, Professor Emeritus, Dept. Physiol., St. Thomas Hosp. Med. Sch., London, U.K.

Dr. R. Shigemoto, Professor, IST, Vienna, Austria

Dr. I. Soltesz, Full Professor, Chairman, Dept. Anat. & Neurobiol., Univ. California Irvine, U.S.A.

Dr. T. Szilagyi, Prof. of Physiology, Medical School, University of Targu Mures, Romania

Dr. S. Totterdell, Retired Senior Res. Fellow, Dept. Pharmacology, Univ. Oxford, U.K.

Dr. G. Tamas, Professor, Dept. Comparative Physiology, Univ. Szeged, Hungary.

Dr. I. Vida, Professor, Dept. Physiology, Berlin, Germany

Most Important Original Research Papers
Lorem ipsum,

Bocchio M, Lukacs IP, Stacey R, Plaha P, Apostolopoulos V, Livermore L, Sen A, Ansorge O, Martin J. Gillies MJ, Somogyi P, Capogna M (2019) Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors mediate presynaptic inhibition of excitatory transmission in pyramidal neurons of the human cerebral cortex. Front Cellular Neurosci 12:508. doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00508 Francavilla R, Villette V, Luo X, Chamberland S, Muñoz-Pino E, Camiré O, Wagner K, Kis V, Somogyi P, Topolnik L. (2018) Connectivity and network state-dependent recruitment of long-range VIP-GABAergic neurons in the mouse hippocampus. Nat Commun 9:5043 10.1038/s41467-018-07162-5

Viney TJ, Salib M, Joshi A, Unal G, Berry N, Somogyi, P (2018) Shared rhythmic subcortical GABAergic input to the entorhinal cortex and presubiculum. eLife 7: e34395. Harris KD, Bengtsson Gonzales C, Hochgerner H, Skene NG, Magno L, Katona L, Somogyi P, Kessaris N, Linnarsson S, Hjerling‐Leffler J (2018) Classes and continua of hippocampal CA1 inhibitory neurons revealed by single‐cell transcriptomics. PLOS,16: e2006387 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2006387

Unal G, Crump MG, Viney TJ, Éltes T, Katona L, Klausberger T, Somogyi P (2018) Spatio-temporal Specialization of GABAergic Septo-hippocampal Neurons for Rhythmic Network Activity. Brain Struct. Funct. 223:2409-2432 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00429-018-1626-0.pdf Joshi A, Salib M, Viney TJ, Dupet D, Somogyi P (2017) Behavior-dependent activity and synaptic organization of septo-hippocampal GABAergic neurons selectively targeting the hippocampal CA3 area. Neuron 96:1342-1357.

Katona L, Micklem, B, Borhegyi Z, Swiejkowski DA, Valenti O, Viney TJ, Kotzadimitriou D, Klausberger T and Somogyi P (2017) Behaviour-dependent activity patterns of GABAergic long-range projecting neurons in the rat hippocampus. Hippocampus, 27, 359-377. Lau PY-P, Katona L, Saghy P, Newton K, Somogyi P, Lamsa KP (2017) Long-term plasticity in identified hippocampal GABAergic interneurons in the CA1 area in vivo. Brain Structure & Function. 222:1809-1827.

Unal G, Joshi A, Viney TJ, Kis V, Somogyi P (2015) Synaptic targets of medial septal projections in the hippocampus and extrahippocampal cortices of the mouse. J. Neurosci. 35:15812-15826. Varga C, Tamas G, Barzo P, Olah S, Somogyi P (2015)  Molecular and electrophysiological characterisation of GABAergic interneurons expressing the transcription factor COUP-TFII in the adult human temporal cortex. Cerebral Cortex 25:4430-4449. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhv045; http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/bhv045?ijkey=8zLJLPNA1ICplPw&keytype=ref Katona L, Lapray D, Viney TJ, Oulhaj A, Borhegyi Z, Micklem BR, Klausberger T Somogyi P (2014) Sleep and movement differentiates actions of two types of somatostatin-expressing GABAergic interneuron in rat hippocampus. Neuron 82:872-886.

Viney TJ, Lasztoczi B, Katona L, Crump MJ, Tukker JJ, Klausberger T, Somogyi P (2013) Network state-dependent inhibition of identified hippocampal CA3 axo-axonic cells in vivo. Nat. Neurosci. 16:1802-1811.

Tukker, J.J., Lasztóczi, B., Katona, L., Roberts, J.D.B., Pissadaki, E.K., Dalezios, Y., Márton, L., Zhang, L., Klausberger, T., Somogyi, P (2013) Distinct dendritic arborisation and in vivo firing patterns of parvalbumin-expressing basket cells in the hippocampal area CA3. J. Neurosci. 33:6809-6825.

Massi, L., Lagler, M., Hartwich, K., Borhegyi, Z., Somogyi, P., Klausberger, T (2012) Temporal dynamics of parvalbumin-expressing axo-axonic and basket cells in the rat medial prefrontal cortex in vivo. J. Neurosci. 32:16496-16502.

Lapray, D., Lasztoczi, B., Lagler, M., Viney, T.J., Katona, L., Valenti, O., Hartwich, K., Borhegyi, Z., Somogyi, P., Klausberger, T. (2012) Behavior-dependent specialization of identified hippocampal interneurons. Nat. Neurosci. 15:1265-1271.

Somogyi, J., Szabo, A., Somogyi, P., Lamsa, K (2012) Molecular analysis of ivy cells of the hippocampal CA1 stratum radiatum using spectral identification of immunofluorophores. Frontiers in Neural Circuits 6: Article 35, 1-6.

Szabo A, Somogyi J, Cauli B., Lambolez, B, Somogyi P, Lamsa, KP (2012) Calcium-permeable AMPA receptors provide a common mechanism for LTP in glutamatergic synapses of distinct hippocampal interneuron types. J. Neurosci. 32:6511-6516.

Takács VT, Klausberger T, Somogyi P, Freund TF, Gulyás AI (2012) Extrinsic and local glutamatergic inputs of the rat hippocampal CA1 area differentially innervate pyramidal cells and interneurons. Hippocampus 22:1379-1391.

Lasztóczi, B., Tukker, J.J, Somogyi P., Klausberger, T. (2011) Terminal field and firing selectivity of cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons in the hippocampal CA3 area. J. Neurosci. 31:18073-18093.

Kasugai Y., Swinny, J.D., Roberts, J.D.B., Dalezios, Y., Fukazawa, Y., Sieghart, W., Shigemoto, R., Somogyi, P. (2010) Quantitative localisation of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptor subunits on hippocampal pyramidal cells by freeze-fracture replica immunolabelling. Eur. J. Neurosci. 32:1868-1888.

Nissen, W. Szabo, A, Somogyi, J., Somogyi, P., Lamsa, K.P. (2010) Cell type-specific long-term plasticity at glutamatergic synapses onto hippocampal interneurons expressing either parvalbumin or CB1 cannabinoid receptor. J. Neurosci. 30:1337-1347.

Fuentealba, P., Klausberger, T., Karayannis, T., Suen, W.Y., Huck, J., Tomioka, R., Rockland, K., Capogna, M., Studer, M., Morales, M., Somogyi, P. (2010) Expression of COUP-TFII nuclear receptor in restricted GABAergic neuronal populations in the adult rat hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 30:1595-1609.

Glickfeld, L.L., Roberts, J.D., Somogyi, P., Scanziani, M. (2009) Interneurons hyperpolarize pyramidal cells along their entire somatodendritic axis. Nat. Neurosci. 12:21-23.

Oren, I., Nissen, W., Kullmann, D.M., Somogyi, P., Lamsa, K.P. (2009) Role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in LTP in rat hippocampal CA1 oriens-lacunosum moleculare interneurons. J. Neurosci. 29:939-950.

Fuentealba, P., Tomioka, R., Dalezios, Y., Marton, L.F., Studer, M, Rockland, K., Thomas Klausberger T., Somogyi, P. (2008) Rhythmically active enkephalin-expressing GABAergic cells in the CA1 area of the hippocampus project to the subiculum and preferentially innervate interneurons J. Neurosci. 28:10017-10022.

Fuentealba, P., Begum, R., Capogna, M., Jinno, S., Marton, L.F., Csicsvari, J., Thomson, A. Somogyi, P. & Klausberger, T. (2008) Ivy cells: a population of nitric oxide-producing, slow-spiking GABAergic neurons and their involvement in hippocampal network activity. Neuron 57:917-929. Jinno, S., Klausberger, T.,. Marton L.F, Dalezios, Y., Roberts, J.D.B., Fuentealba P., Bushong E. A., Henze, D., Buzsáki, G., Somogyi, P. (2007) Neuronal diversity in GABAergic long-range projections from the hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 27: 8790-8804. Tukker, J., Fuentealba, P., Hartwich, K., Somogyi, P., Klausberger, T. (2007) Cell type-specific tuning of hippocampal interneuron firing during gamma oscillations in vivo. J. Neurosci. 27:8184-8189. Baude, A., Bleasdale C., Dalezios Y., Somogyi, P. & Klausberger, T. (2007) Immunoreactivity for the GABAA receptor α1 subunit, somatostatin and connexin36 distinguishes axo-axonic, basket and bistratified interneurons of the rat hippocampus. Cerebral Cortex, 17: 2094-2107. Wulff, P., Goetz, T., Leppä, E., Linden, A-M., Renzi, M., Swinny, J.D., Vekovischeva, O.Y., Sieghart, W., Somogyi, P., Korpi, E.R., Farrant, M. & Wisden, W. (2007) From synapse to behaviour: rapid modulation of defined neuronal types with engineered GABAA receptors. Nat. Neurosci. 10:923-929.

Lamsa, K. P., Heeroma, J. H., Somogyi, P., Rusakov D. A. & Kullmann D. M. (2007) Anti-Hebbian long-term potentiation in the hippocampal feedback inhibitory circuit. Science, 315:1262-1266. Klausberger, T., Marton, L.F., O’Neill J., Huck, J.H.J., Dalezios Y., Fuentealba P., Suen W.Y., Papp, E., Kaneko, T., Watanabe, M., Csicsvari, J. & Somogyi, P. (2005) Complementary roles of cholecystokinin and parvalbumin expressing GABAergic neurons in hippocampal network oscillations. J. Neurosci. 25:9782-9793.

Ferraguti, F., Klausberger, T., Cobden, P., Baude, A., Roberts, J.D.B., Szucs, P., Kinoshita, A., Shigemoto, R., Somogyi, P. & Dalezios, Y. (2005) Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 (mGluR8) expressing nerve terminals target subsets of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 25:10520-10536. Cope, D.W., Halbsguth, C., Karayannis, T., Wulff, P., Ferraguti, F., Hoeger, H., Leppä, E., Linden, A.-M., Oberto, A., Ogris, W., Korpi, E.R., Sieghart, W., Somogyi, P., Wisden, W. & Capogna, M. (2005) Loss of zolpidem efficacy in the hippocampus of mice with the GABAA receptor gamma2 F771 point mutation. Eur. J. Neurosci. 21:3002-3016.

Lin, S., Huck, J.H.J., Roberts, J.D.B., Macklin, W.B., Somogyi P. & Bergles D.E. (2005) Climbing fiber Innervation of NG2 expressing glia in the mammalian cerebellum. Neuron 46:773-785.

Tamás, G., Szabadics, J., Lörincz, A. & Somogyi, P. (2004) Input and frequency specific entrainment of postsynaptic firing by IPSPs of perisomatic or dendritic origin. Eur. J. Neurosci. 20:2681-2690.

Cope, D.W., Wulff, P., Oberto, A., Aller M.I., Capogna, M., Ferraguti, F., Halbsguth, C., Hoeger, H., Jolin, H.E., Jones, A., McKenzie, A.N.J., Ogris, W., Poeltl, A., Sinkkonen, S.T., Vekovischeva, O. Y., Korpi, E.R., Sieghart, W., Sigel, E., Somogyi, P. & Wisden, W. (2004) Abolition of zolpidem sensitivity in mice with a point mutation in the GABAA receptor gamma2 subunit. Neuropharmacology. 47:17-34. Kogo, N., Dalezios, Y., Capogna, M. Ferraguti, F., Shigemoto, R. & Somogyi, P. (2004) Depression of GABAergic input to identified hippocampal neurons by group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat. Eur. J. Neurosci. 19:2727-2740.

Ferraguti, F., Cobden, P., Pollard, M., Cope, D., Shigemoto, R. & Somogyi, P. (2004) Immunolocalization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 alpha (mGluR1 alpha) in distinct classes of interneuron in the CA1region of the rat hippocampus. Hippocampus. 14:193-215.

Ganter P, Szücs P, Paulsen O, Somogyi P (2004) Properties of horizontal axo-axonic cells in stratum oriens of the hippocampal CA1 area of rats in vitro. Hippocampus, 14:232-243.

Somogyi, J., Baude, A., Omori, Y., Shimizu, H., El Mestikawy, S., Fukaya, M., Shigemoto, R., Watanabe, M. & Somogyi, P. (2004) GABAergic basket cells expressing cholecystokinin contain vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (VGLUT3) in their synaptic terminals in hippocampus and isocortex of the rat. Eur. J. Neurosci., 19:552-569. Klausberger, T., Marton, L.F., Baude, A., Roberts, J.D.B., Magill, P.J. & Somogyi, P. (2004) Spike timing of dendrite-targeting bistratified cells during hippocampal network oscillations in vivo. Nat. Neurosci. 7:41-47. Klausberger T, Magill PJ, Márton LF, Roberts JDB, Cobden PM, Buzsáki G, Somogyi P (2003) Brain state- and cell type-specific firing of hippocampal interneurons in vivo. Nature, 421:844-848.

Nyiri G, Stephenson FA, Freund TF, Somogyi P (2003) Large variability in synaptic NMDA receptor density on interneurons and a comparison with pyramidal cell spines in the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience, 119:347-363. Somogyi P, Dalezios Y, Luján R, Roberts JDB, Watanabe M, Shigemoto R (2003) High level of mGluR7 in the presynaptic active zones of select populations of GABAergic terminals innervating interneurones in the rat hippocampus. Eu J Neurosci, 17:2503-2520.

Losonczy A, Somogyi P, Nusser Z (2003) Reduction of excitatory postsynaptic responses by persistently active metabotropic glutamate receptors in the hippocampus. J Neurophysiol, 89:1910-1919. Wisden W, Cope D, Klausberger T, Hauer B, Sinkkonen ST, Tretter V, Lujan R, Jones A, Korpi ER, Mody I, Sieghart W, Somogyi P (2002) Ectopic expression of the GABAA receptor 6 subunit in hippocampal pyramidal neurons produces extrasynaptic receptors and an increased tonic inhibition. Neuropharmacology, 43:530-549.

Dalezios Y, Lujan R, Shigemoto R, Roberts JDB, Somogyi P (2002) Enrichment of mGluR7a in the presynaptic active zones of GABAergic and non-GABAergic terminals on interneurons in the rat somatosensory cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 12:961-974. Losonczy A, Zhang L, Shigemoto R, Somogyi P, Nusser Z (2002) Cell type dependence and variability in the short-term plasticity of EPSCs in identified mouse hippocampal interneurones. J Physiol, 542:193-210.

Tamas G, Szabadics J, Somogyi P (2002) Cell type- and subcellular position-dependent summation of unitary postsynaptic potentials in neocortical neurons. J Neurosci 22:740-747.

Klausberger T, Roberts JDB & Somogyi P (2002) Cell type and input specific differences in the number and subtypes of synaptic GABAA receptors in the hippocampus. J Neurosci 22:2513-2521.

Corti C, Aldegheri L, Somogyi P, Ferraguti F (2002) Distribution and synaptic localisation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) in the rodent central nervous system. Neuroscience 110:403-420.

Cope DW, Maccaferri G, Marton, LF, Roberts JDB, Cobden P, Somogyi P (2002) Cholecystokinin-immunopositive basket and Schaffer collateral-associated interneurons target different domains of pyramidal cells in the CA1 area of the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience, 109:63-80.

Tretter V, Hauer B, Nusser Z, Mihalek RM, Hoger H, Homanics GE, Somogyi P, Sieghart W (2001) Targeted disruption of the GABA(A) receptor gamma2 subunit gene leads to an upregulation of gamma2 subunit-containing receptors in cerebellar granule cells. J Biol Chem 276:10532-10538. Nyiri G, Freund TF, Somogyi P (2001) Input-dependent synaptic targeting of alpha2-subunit-containing GABAA receptors in hippocampal pyramidal cells of the rat. Eur J Neurosci 13:428-442.

Tamas G, Buhl EH, Lorincz A, Somogyi P (2000) Proximally targeted GABAergic synapses and gap junctions precisely synchronize cortical interneurons. Nat Neurosci 3:366-371.

Racca C, Stephenson FA, Streit P, Roberts JDB, Somogyi P (2000) NMDA receptor content of synapses in stratum radiatum of the hippocampal CA1 area. J. Neurosci. 20:2512-2522.

Maccaferri G, Roberts JDB, Szucs P, Cottingham CA, Somogyi P (2000) Cell surface domain specific postsynaptic currents evoked by identified GABAergic neurones in rat hippocampus in vitro. J Physiol 524:91-116.

Bergles DW, Roberts JDB, Somogyi P, Jahr CE (2000) Glutamatergic synapses on oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the hippocampus. Nature 405:187-191.

Nusser Z, Ahmad A, Tretter V, Fuchs K, Wisden W, Sieghart W, Somogyi P (1999) Alterations in the expression of GABAA receptor subunits in cerebellar granule cells after the disruption of the alpha6 subunit gene. Eur J Neurosci 11:1685-1697.

Vida I, Halasy K, Szinyei C, Somogyi P, Buhl EH (1998) Unitary IPSPs evoked by interneurons at the stratum radiatum-stratum lacunosum-moleculare border in the CA1 area of the rat hippocampus in vitro. J Physiol (Lond) 506:755-773.

Tamas G, Somogyi P, Buhl EH (1998) Differentially interconnected networks of GABAergic interneurons in the visual cortex of the cat. J Neurosci 18:4255-4270.

<!-- Reyes A, Lujan R, Rozov A, Burnashev N, Somogyi P, Sakmann B (1998) Target-cell-specific facilitation and depression in neocortical circuits. Nature Neurosci 1:279-285. Nusser Z, Sieghart W, Somogyi P (1998) Segregation of different GABAA receptors to synaptic and extrasynaptic membranes of cerebellar granule cells. J Neurosci 18:1693-1703. Nusser Z, Lujan R, Laube G, Roberts JDB, Molnar E, Somogyi P (1998) Cell type and pathway dependence of synaptic AMPA receptor number and variability in the hippocampus. Neuron, 21:545-559. 120 Nusser Z, Hajos N, Somogyi P, Mody I (1998) Increased number of synaptic GABAA receptors underlies potentiation at hippocampal inhibitory synapses. Nature 395:172-177. Tamas G, Buhl EH, Somogyi P (1997) Massive autaptic self-innervation of GABAergic neurons in cat visual cortex. J Neurosci 17:6352-6364. Tamas G, Buhl EH, Somogyi P (1997) Fast IPSPs elicited via multiple synaptic release sites by different types of GABAergic neurone in the cat visual cortex. J Physiol (Lond) 500:715-738. Lujan R, Roberts JDB, Shigemoto R, Ohishi H, Somogyi P (1997) Differential plasma membrane distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1, mGluR2 and mGluR5, relative to neurotransmitter release sites. J Chem Neuroanat, 13:219-241. Jones A, Korpi ER, McKernan RM, Pelz R, Nusser Z, Makela R, Mellor JR, Pollard S, Bahn S, Stephenson FA, Randall AD, Sieghart W, Somogyi P, Smith AJH, Wisden W (1997) Ligand-gated ion channel subunit partnerships: GABAA receptor 6 subunit gene inactivation inhibits  subunit expression. J Neurosci 17:1350-1362. Jiang ZX, Bronk Ramsey C, Hedges REM, Somogyi P, Roberts JDB, Cowey A (1997) High resolution AMS imaging of radiocarbon in biomedical applications. Nucl Inst & Meths Phys Res B 123:271-274. Cobb SR, Halasy K, Vida I, Nyiri G, Tamas G, Buhl EH, Somogyi P (1997) Synaptic effects of identified interneurons innervating both interneurons and pyramidal cells in the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 79:629-648. Buhl EH, Tamas G, Szilagyi T, Stricker C, Paulsen O, Somogyi P (1997) Effect, number and location of synapses made by single pyramidal cells onto aspiny interneurones of cat visual cortex. J Physiol (Lond) 500:689-713. Bernard V, Somogyi P, Bolam J P (1997) Cellular, subcellular, and subsynaptic distribution of AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunits in the neostriatum of the rat. J Neurosci 17:819-833. Wilson JR, Cowey A, Somogyi P (1996) GABA immunopositive axons in the optic nerve and optic tract of macaque monkeys. Vision Res 36:1357-1363. 110 Somogyi P, Fritschy J-M, Benke D, Roberts JDB, Sieghart W (1996) The 2 subunit of the GABAA receptor is concentrated in synaptic junctions containing the 1 and 2/3 subunits in hippocampus, cerebellum and globus pallidus. Neuropharmacology 35:1425-1444. Shigemoto R, Kulik A, Roberts JDB, Ohishi H, Nusser Z, Kaneko T, Somogyi P (1996) Target-cell-specific concentration of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in the presynaptic active zone. Nature 381:523-525. Nusser Z, Sieghart W, Stephenson FA, Somogyi P (1996) The 6 subunit of the GABAA receptor is concentrated in both inhibitory and excitatory synapses on cerebellar granule cells. J Neurosci 16:103-114. Nusser Z, Sieghart W, Benke D, Fritschy J-M, Somogyi P (1996) Differential synaptic localization of two major -aminobutyric acid type A receptor  subunits on hippocampal pyramidal cells. PNAS, 93:11939-11944. Lujan R, Nusser Z, Roberts JDB, Shigemoto R, Somogyi P (1996) Perisynaptic location of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1 and mGluR5 on dendrites and dendritic spines in the rat hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci, 8:1488-1500. Hedges REM, Jiang ZX, Bronk Ramsey C, Cowey A, Roberts JDBR, Somogyi P (1996) Imaging of radiocarbon-labelled tracer molecules in neural tissue using accelerator mass spectrometry. Nature 383:823-826. Halasy K, Buhl EH, Lorinczi Z, Tamas G, Somogyi P (1996) Synaptic target selectivity and input of GABAergic basket and bistratified interneurons in the CA1 area of the rat hippocampus. Hippocampus 6:306-329. Buhl EH, Szilagyi T, Halasy K, Somogyi P (1996) Physiological properties of anatomically identified basket and bistratified cells in the CA1 area of the rat hippocampus in vitro. Hippocampus 6:294-305. Nusser Z, Roberts JDB, Baude A, Richards JG, Sieghart W, Somogyi P (1995) Immunocytochemical localisation of the a1 and b2/3 subunits of the GABAA receptor in relation to specific GABAergic synapses in the dentate gyrus. Eur J Neurosci 7:630-646. Nusser Z, Roberts JDB, Baude A, Richards JG, Somogyi P (1995) Relative densities of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors on cerebellar granule cells as determined by a quantitative immunogold method. J Neurosci 15:2948-2960. 100 Cobb SR, Buhl EH, Halasy K, Paulsen O, Somogyi P (1995) Synchronization of neuronal activity in hippocampus by individual GABAergic interneurons. Nature, 378:75-78. Buhl EH, Cobb SR, Halasy K, Somogyi P (1995) Properties of unitary IPSPs evoked by anatomically identified basket cells in the rat hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci, 7:1989-2004. Baude A, Nusser Z, Molnar E, McIlhinney RAJ, Somogyi P (1995) High resolution immunogold localisation of AMPA type glutamate receptor subunits at synaptic and non-synaptic sites in rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 69:1031-1055. Nusser Z, Mulvihill E, Streit P, Somogyi P (1994) Subsynaptic segregation of metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors as revealed by immunogold localisation. Neuroscience 61:421-427. Morilak DA, Somogyi P, Lujan-Miras R, Ciaranello RD (1994) Neurons expressing 5-HT2 receptors in the rat brain: neurochemical identification of cell types by immunocytochemistry. Neuropsychopharmacology 11:157-166. Molnar E, McIlhinney RAJ, Baude A, Nusser Z, Somogyi P (1994) Membrane topology of the GluR1 glutamate receptor subunit: epitope mapping by site-directed antipeptide antibodies. J Neurochem 63:683-693. Li X-G, Somogyi P, Ylinen A, Buzsaki G (1994) The hippocampal CA3 network: an in vivo intracellular labeling study. J Comp Neurol 339:181-208. Buhl EH, Han Z-S, Lorinczi Z, Stezhka VV, Karnup SV, Somogyi P (1994) Physiological properties of anatomically identified axo-axonic cells in the rat hippocampus. J Neurophysiol 71:1289-1307. Buhl EH, Halasy K, Somogyi P (1994) Diverse sources of hippocampal unitary inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and the number of synaptic release sites. Nature 368:823-828. Benedeczky I, Molnar E, Somogyi P (1994) The cisternal organelle as a Ca2+-storing compartment associated with GABAergic synapses in the axon initial segment of hippocampal pyramidal neurones. Exp Brain Res 101:216-230. 90 Baude A, Molnar E, Latawiec D, McIlhinney RAJ, Somogyi P (1994) Synaptic and nonsynaptic localization of the GluR1 subunit of the AMPA-type excitatory amino acid receptor in the rat cerebellum. J Neurosci 14:2830-2843. Molnar E, Baude A, Richmond SA, Patel PB, Somogyi P, McIlhinney RAJ (1993) Biochemical and immunocytochemical characterization of antipeptide antibodies to a cloned GluR1 glutamate receptor subunit: cellular and subcellular distribution in the rat forebrain. Neuroscience 53:307-326. Han Z-S, Buhl EH, Lorinczi Z, Somogyi P (1993) A high degree of spatial selectivity in the axonal and dendritic domains of physiologically identified local-circuit neurons in the dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci 5:395-410. Halasy K, Somogyi P (1993) Distribution of GABAergic synapses and their targets in the dentate gyrus of rat: a quantitative immunoelectron microscopic analysis. J Hirnforsch 34:299-308. Halasy K, Somogyi P (1993) Subdivisions in the multiple GABAergic innervation of granule cells in the dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci 5:411-429. Baude A, Nusser Z, Roberts JDB, Mulvihill E, McIlhinney RAJ, Somogyi P (1993) The metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) is concentrated at perisynaptic membrane of neuronal subpopulations as detected by immunogold reaction. Neuron 11:771-787. Li X-G, Somogyi P, Tepper JM, Buzsaki G (1992) Axonal and dendritic arborization of an intracellularly labeled chandelier cell in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus. Exp Brain Res 90:519-525. Kritzer MF, Cowey A, Somogyi P (1992) Patterns of inter- and intralaminar GABAergic connections distinguish striate (V1) and extrastriate (V2, V4) visual cortices and their functionally specialized subdivisions in the rhesus monkey. J Neurosci 12:4545-4564. Kritzer MF, Cowey A, Ottersen OP, Streit P, Somogyi P (1992) Immunoreactivity for taurine characterizes subsets of glia, GABAergic and non-GABAergic neurons in the neo- and archicortex of the rat, cat and rhesus monkey: comparison with immunoreactivity for homocysteic acid. Eur J Neurosci 4:251-270. Beaulieu C, Kisvarday Z, Somogyi P, Cynader M, Cowey A (1992) Quantitative distribution of GABA-immunopositive and -immunonegative neurons and synapses in the monkey striate cortex (area 17). Cerebral Cortex 2:295-309. 80 Baude A, Sequier J-M, McKernan RM, Olivier KR, Somogyi P (1992) Differential subcellular distribution of the 6 subunit versus the 1 and 2/3 subunits of the GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor complex in granule cells of the cerebellar cortex. Neuroscience 51:739-748. Lowenstein PR, Somogyi P (1991) Synaptic organization of cortico-cortical connections from the primary visual cortex to the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian visual area in the cat. J Comp Neurol 310:253-266. Kisvarday ZF, Cowey A, Stoerig P, Somogyi P (1991) Direct and indirect retinal input into degenerated dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus after striate cortical removal in monkey: implications for residual vision. Exp Brain Res 86:271-292. Beaulieu C, Somogyi P (1991) Enrichment of cholinergic synaptic terminals on GABAergic neurons and coexistence of immunoreactive GABA and choline acetyltransferase in the same synaptic terminals in the striate cortex of the cat. J Comp Neurol 304:666-680. Antal M, Polgar E, Chalmers J, Minson JB, Llewellyn-Smith I, Heizmann CW, Somogyi P (1991) Different populations of parvalbumin- and calbindin-D28k-immunoreactive neurons contain GABA and accumulate 3H-D-aspartate in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 314:114-124. Somogyi P, Eshhar N, Teichberg VI, Roberts JDB (1990) Subcellular localization of a putative kainate receptor in Bergmann Glial cells using a monoclonal antibody in the chick and fish cerebellar cortex. Neuroscience 35:9-30. Soltesz I, Roberts JDB, Takagi H, Richards JG, Mohler H, Somogyi P (1990) Synaptic and nonsynaptic localization of benzodiazepine/GABAA receptor/Cl- channel complex using monoclonal antibodies in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. Eur J Neurosci 2:414-429. Minson J, Llewellyn-Smith I, Neville A, Somogyi P, Chalmers J (1990) Quantitative analysis of spinally projecting adrenaline-synthesising neurons of C1, C2 and C3 groups in rat medulla oblongata. J Auton Nerv Syst 30:209-220. Kisvarday ZF, Gulyas A, Beroukas D, North JB, Chubb IW, Somogyi P (1990) Synapses, axonal and dendritic patterns of GABA-immunoreactive neurons in human cerebral cortex. Brain 113:793-812. Freund TF, Buzsaki G, Leon A, Somogyi P (1990) Hippocampal cell death following ischemia; effects of brain temperature and anesthesia. Exp Neurol 108:251-260. 70 Freund TF, Buzsaki G, Leon A, Baimbridge KG, Somogyi P (1990) Relationship of neuronal vulnerability and calcium binding protein immunoreactivity in ischemia. Exp Brain Res 83:55-66. Beaulieu C, Somogyi P (1990) Targets and quantitative distribution of GABAergic synapses in the visual cortex of the cat. Eur J Neurosci 2:296-303. Antal M, Freund TF, Somogyi P, McIlhinney RAJ (1990) Simultaneous anterograde labelling of two afferent pathways to the same target area with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin and Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin conjugated to biotin or dinitrophenol. J Chem Neuroanat 3:1-9. Somogyi P, Takagi H, Richards JG, Mohler H (1989) Subcellular localization of benzodiazepine/GABAA receptors in the cerebellum of rat, cat, and monkey using monoclonal antibodies. J Neurosci 9:2197-2209. Somogyi P, Minson JB, Morilak D, Llewellyn-Smith I, McIlhinney RAJ, Chalmers J (1989) Evidence for an excitatory amino acid pathway in the brain stem and for its involvement in cardiovascular control. Brain Res 496:401-407. Morilak DA, Somogyi P, McIlhinney RAJ, Chalmers J (1989) An enkephalin-containing pathway from nucleus tractus solitarius to the pressor area of the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rabbit. Neuroscience 31:187-194. Maxwell DJ, Christie WM, Somogyi P (1989) Synaptic connections of GABA-containing boutons in the lateral cervical nucleus of the cat: an ultrastructural study employing pre- and post-embedding immunocytochemical methods. Neuroscience 33:169-184. Kisvarday ZF, Cowey A, Smith AD, Somogyi P (1989) Interlaminar and lateral excitatory amino acid connections in the striate cortex of monkey. J Neurosci 9:667-682. Freund TF, Buzsaki Gy, Prohaska O, Leon A, Somogyi P (1989) Simultaneous recording of local electrical activity, partial oxygen tension and temperature in the rat hippocampus with a chamber-type microelectrode. Effects of anaesthesia, ischemia and epilepsy. Neuroscience 28:539-549. Freund TF, Martin KAC, Soltesz I, Somogyi P, Whitteridge D (1989) Arborisation pattern and postsynaptic targets of physiologically identified thalamocortical afferents in the monkey striate cortex. J Comp Neurol 289:315-336. 60 Buzsaki G, Freund TF, Bayardo F, Somogyi P (1989) Ischemia-induced changes in the electrical activity of the hippocampus. Exp Brain Res 78:268-278. Ottersen OP, Storm-Mathisen J, Somogyi P (1988) Colocalization of glycine-like and GABA-like immunoreactivities in Golgi cell terminals in the rat cerebellum: a postembedding light and electron microscopic study. Brain Res 450:342-353. Ottersen OP, Madsen S, Storm-Mathisen J, Somogyi P, Scopsi L, Larsson L-I (1988) Immunocytochemical evidence suggests that taurine is colocalized with GABA in the Purkinje cell terminals, but that the stellate cell terminals predominantly contain GABA: a light- and electronmicroscopic study of the rat cerebellum. Exp Brain Res 72:407-416. Kisvarday ZF, Martin KAC, Friedlander MJ, Somogyi P (1987) Evidence for interlaminar inhibitory circuits in the striate cortex of the cat. J Comp Neurol 260:1-19. Somogyi P, Soltesz I (1986) Immunogold demonstration of GABA in synaptic terminals of intracellularly recorded, horseradish peroxidase-filled basket cells and clutch cells in the cat's visual cortex. Neuroscience 19:1051-1065. Somogyi P, Halasy K, Somogyi J, Storm-Mathisen J, Ottersen OP (1986) Quantification of immunogold labelling reveals enrichment of glutamate in mossy and parallel fibre terminals in cat cerebellum. Neuroscience 19:1045-1050. Rundle S, Somogyi P, Fischer-Colbrie R, Hagn C, Winkler H, Chubb IW (1986) Chromogranin A, B and C: immunohistochemical localization in ovine pituitary and the relationship with hormone-containing cells. Reg Peptides 16:217-233. Kisvarday ZF, Martin KAC, Freund TF, Magloczky Zs, Whitteridge D, Somogyi P (1986) Synaptic targets of HRP-filled layer III pyramidal cells in the cat striate cortex. Exp Brain Res 64:541-552. Kisvarday ZF, Cowey A, Somogyi P (1986) Synaptic relationships of a type of GABA-immunoreactive neuron (clutch cell), spiny stellate cells and lateral geniculate nucleus afferents in layer IVC of the monkey striate cortex. Neuroscience 19:741-761. Kisvarday ZF, Cowey A, Hodgson AJ, Somogyi P (1986) The relationship between GABA immunoreactivity and labelling by local uptake of [3H]GABA in the striate cortex of monkey. Exp Brain Res 62:89-98. 50 Gabbott PLA, Somogyi P (1986) Quantitative distribution of GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the visual cortex (area 17) of the cat. Exp Brain Res 61:323-331. Freund TF, Magloczky Zs, Soltesz I, Somogyi P (1986) Synaptic connections, axonal and dendritic patterns of neurons immunoreactive for cholecystokinin in the visual cortex of the cat. Neuroscience 19:1133-1159. Somogyi P, Hodgson AJ (1985) Antisera to -aminobutyric acid. III. Demonstration of GABA in Golgi-impregnated neurons and in conventional electron microscopic sections of cat striate cortex. J Histochem Cytochem 33:249-257. Somogyi P, Hodgson AJ, Chubb IW, Penke B, Erdei A (1985) Antisera to -aminobutyric acid. II. Immunocytochemical application to the central nervous system. J Histochem Cytochem 33:240-248. Somogyi P, Freund TF, Hodgson AJ, Somogyi J, Beroukas D, Chubb IW (1985) Identified axo-axonic cells are immunoreactive for GABA in the hippocampus and visual cortex of the cat. Brain Res 332:143-149. Nunzi MG, Gorio A, Milan F, Freund TF, Somogyi P, Smith AD (1985) Cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cells form symmetrical synaptic contacts with pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. J Comp Neurol 237:485-505. Kisvarday ZF, Martin KAC, Whitteridge D, Somogyi P (1985) Synaptic connections of intracellularly filled clutch cells: a type of small basket cell in the visual cortex of the cat. J Comp Neurol 241:111-137. Hodgson AJ, Penke B, Erdei A, Chubb IW, Somogyi P (1985) Antisera to -aminobutyric acid. I. Production and characterization using a new model system. J Histochem Cytochem 33:229-239. Freund TF, Martin KAC, Somogyi P, Whitteridge D (1985) Innervation of cat visual areas 17 and 18 by physiologically identified X- and Y-type thalamic afferents. II. Identification of postsynaptic targets by GABA immunocytochemistry and Golgi impregnation. J Comp Neurol 242:275-291. Takagi H, Somogyi P, Smith AD (1984) Aspiny neurons and their local axons in the neostriatum of the rat: a correlated light and electron microscopic study of Golgi-impregnated material. J Neurocytol 13:239-265. 40 Somogyi P, Kisvarday ZF, Freund TF, Cowey A (1984) Characterization by Golgi impregnation of neurons that accumulate 3H-GABA in the visual cortex of monkey. Exp Brain Res 53:295-303. Somogyi P, Hodgson AJ, de Potter RW, Fischer-Colbrie R, Schober M, Winkler H, Chubb IW (1984) Chromogranin immunoreactivity in the central nervous system. Immunochemical characterisation, distribution and relationship to catecholamine and enkephalin pathways. Brain Res Rev 8:193-230. Somogyi P, Hodgson AJ, Smith AD, Nunzi MG, Gorio A, Wu J-Y (1984) Different populations of GABAergic neurons in the visual cortex and hippocampus of cat contain somatostatin- or cholecystokinin-immunoreactive material. J Neurosci 4:2590-2603. Somogyi P, Freund TF, Kisvarday ZF (1984) Different types of 3H-GABA accumulating neurons in the visual cortex of rat. Characterization by combined autoradiography and Golgi impregnation. Exp Brain Res 54:45-56. Takagi H, Somogyi P, Somogyi J, Smith AD (1983) Fine structural studies on a type of somatostatin immunoreactive neuron and its synaptic connections in the rat neostriatum: a correlated light and electron microscopic study. J Comp Neurol 214:1-16. Somogyi P, Smith AD, Nunzi MG, Gorio A, Takagi H, Wu J-Y (1983) Glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of the cat. Distribution of immunoreactive synaptic terminals with special reference to the axon initial segment of pyramidal neurons. J Neurosci 3:1450-1468. Somogyi P, Nunzi MG, Gorio A, Smith AD (1983) A new type of specific interneuron in the monkey hippocampus forming synapses exclusively with the axon initial segments of pyramidal cells. Brain Res 259:137-142. Somogyi P, Kisvarday ZF, Martin KAC, Whitteridge D (1983) Synaptic connections of morphologically identified and physiologically characterized large basket cells in the striate cortex of cat. Neuroscience 10:261-294. Somogyi P, Freund TF, Wu J-Y, Smith AD (1983) The section Golgi impregnation procedure. 2. Immunocytochemical demonstration of glutamate decarboxylase in Golgi-impregnated neurons and in their afferent synaptic boutons in the visual cortex of the cat. Neuroscience 9:475-490. Somogyi P, Cowey A, Kisvarday ZF, Freund TF, Szentagothai J (1983) Retrograde transport of -amino[3H]butyric acid reveals specific interlaminar connections in the striate cortex of monkey. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:2385-2389. 30 Martin KAC, Somogyi P, Whitteridge D (1983) Physiological and morphological properties of identified basket cells in the cat's visual cortex. Exp Brain Res 50:193-200. Freund TF, Somogyi P (1983) The section-Golgi impregnation procedure. 1. Description of the method and its combination with histochemistry after intracellular iontophoresis or retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Neuroscience 9:463-470. Freund TF, Martin KAC, Smith AD, Somogyi P (1983) Glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive terminals of Golgi-impregnated axoaxonic cells and of presumed basket cells in synaptic contact with pyramidal neurons of the cat's visual cortex. J Comp Neurol 221:263-278. Bolam JP, Somogyi P, Takagi H, Fodor I, Smith AD (1983) Localization of substance P-like immunoreactivity in neurons and nerve terminals in the neostriatum of the rat: a correlated light and electron microscopic study. J Neurocytol 12:325-344. Bolam JP, Clarke DJ, Smith AD, Somogyi P (1983) A type of aspiny neuron in the rat neostriatum accumulates 3H-aminobutyric acid: Combination of Golgi staining, autoradiography and electron microscopy. J Comp Neurol 213:121-134. Somogyi P, Takagi H (1982) A note on the use of picric acid-paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative for correlated light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Neuroscience 7:1779-1783. Somogyi P, Priestley JV, Cuello AC, Smith AD, Takagi H (1982) Synaptic connections of enkephalin-immunoreactive nerve terminals in the neostriatum: a correlated light and electron microscopic study. J Neurocytol 11:779-807. Somogyi P, Priestley JV, Cuello AC, Smith AD, Bolam JP (1982) Synaptic connections of substance P immunoreactive nerve terminals in the substantia nigra of the rat: a correlated light and electron microscopic study. Cell Tiss Res 223:469-486. Somogyi P, Freund TF, Cowey A (1982) The axo-axonic interneuron in the cerebral cortex of the rat, cat and monkey. Neuroscience 7:2577-2607. Priestley JV, Somogyi P, Cuello AC (1982) Immunocytochemical localization of substance P in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the rat: a light and electron microscopic study. J Comp Neurol 211:31-49. 20 Benedeczky I, Kiss JZ, Somogyi P (1982) Light and electron microscopic localization of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the cerebral ganglion of locust with a monoclonal antibody. Histochemistry 75:123-131. Somogyi P, Freund TF, Halasz N, Kisvarday ZF (1981) Selectivity of neuronal [3H]GABA accumulation in the visual cortex as revealed by Golgi staining of the labelled neurons. Brain Res 225:431-436. Somogyi P, Cowey A, Halasz N, Freund TF (1981) Vertical organization of neurons accumulating 3H-GABA in the visual cortex of the Rhesus monkey. Nature 294:761-763. Somogyi P, Cowey A (1981) Combined Golgi and electron microscopic study on the synapses formed by double bouquet cells in the visual cortex of the cat and monkey. J Comp Neurol 195:547-566. Somogyi P, Bolam JP, Totterdell S, Smith AD (1981) Monosynaptic input from the nucleus accumbens - ventral striatum region to retrogradely labelled nigrostriatal neurons. Brain Res 217:245-263. Somogyi P, Bolam JP, Smith AD (1981) Monosynaptic cortical input and local axon collaterals of identified striatonigral neurons. A light and electron microscopic study using the Golgi-peroxidase transport-degeneration procedure. J Comp Neurol 195:567-584. Priestley JV, Somogyi P, Cuello AC (1981) Neurotransmitter specific projection neurons revealed by combining PAP immunohistochemistry with retrograde transport of HRP. Brain Res 220:231-240. Bolam JP, Somogyi P, Totterdell S, Smith AD (1981) A second type of striatonigral neuron: a comparison between retrogradely labelled and Golgi-stained neurons at the light and electron microscopic levels. Neuroscience 6:2141-2157. Somogyi P, Smith AD (1979) Projection of neostriatal spiny neurons to the substantia nigra. Application of a combined Golgi-staining and horseradish peroxidase transport procedure at both light and electronmicroscopic levels. Brain Res 178:3-15. Somogyi P, Hodgson AJ, Smith AD (1979) An approach to tracing neuron networks in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. Combination of Golgi-staining, retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and anterograde degeneration of synaptic boutons in the same material. Neuroscience 4:1805-1852. 10 Somogyi P (1978) The study of Golgi stained cells and of experimental degeneration under the electron microscope : a direct method for the identification in the visual cortex of three successive links in a neuron chain. Neuroscience 3:167-180. Benedeczky I, Somogyi P (1978) Cytochemical localization of exogenous peroxidase in adrenal medullary cells of hamster. Acta Biol Acad Sci Hung 29:155-163. Benedeczky I, Somogyi P (1978) Cytochemical studies on the endocytotic activity of chromaffin cells in the hamster adrenal medulla. (Az endocytozis cytokemiai vizsgalata aranyhorcsog mellekvese chromaffin sejtjein). MTA Biol Kozl 21:487-491. Somogyi P (1977) A specific 'axo-axonal' interneuron in the visual cortex of the rat. Brain Res 136:345-350. Somogyi P, Hamori J (1976) A quantitative electron microscopic study of the Purkinje cell axon initial segment. Neuroscience 1:361-366. Somogyi P, Chubb IW (1976) The recovery of acetylcholinesterase activity in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat following its inhibition diisopropylphosphorofluoridate : a biochemical and cytochemical study. Neuroscience 1:413-422. Somogyi P, Chubb IW, Smith AD (1975) A possible structural basis for the extracellular release of acetylcholinesterase. Proc Roy Soc Lond B 191:271-283. Benedeczky I, Somogyi P (1975) Ultrastructure of the adrenal medulla of normal and insulin-treated hamsters. Cell Tiss Res 162:531-550. Somogyi P (1971) Studies on raptor birds in the Visegradi Mountains (Vizsgalatok a Visegradi hegyseg ragadozo madarain). Allattani Kozl LVIII:112-116. Schmidt E, Somogyi P, Szentendrey G (1970/71) Ein Versuch zur Festellung der Populationsdichte einiger Kleinsanger in offenen Kulturgebieten auf Grund von Schleiereulengewollen. Vertebr Hung XII:79-91. -->

Reviews and Book Chapters
Somogyi P, Klausberger T (2018) Hippocampus: Intrinsic Organization, In: Shepherd, G., & Grillner, S. (Eds.), Handbook of Brain Microcircuits. Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp 199-216.


 * Barth A L, Burkhalter A, Callaway E M, Connors B W, Cauli B, DeFelipe J, Feldmeyer D, Freund T, Kawaguchi, Y Kisvarday Z, Kubota Y, McBain C, Oberlaender M, Rossier J, Rudy B, Staiger J F, Somogyi P, Tamas G and Yuste R. (2016) Comment on “Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex” Science, 353, 1108. PMID: 27609882


 * Somogyi P, (2010) Hippocampus: Intrinsic Organisation. In: Shepherd G, Grillner S (eds) Handbook of Brain Microcircuits. Oxford University Press, pp.148-664.


 * Klausberger, T. & Somogyi, P. (2008) Neuronal diversity and temporal dynamics: the unity of hippocampal circuit operations. Science. 321:53-57.

Ascoli GA, Alonso-Nanclares L, Anderson SA, Barrionuevo G, Benavides-Piccone R, Burkhalter A, Buzsaki G, Cauli B, DeFelipe J, Fairén A, Feldmeyer D, Fishell G, Fregnac Y, Freund TF, Gardner D, Gardner EP, Goldberg JH, Helmstaedter M, Hestrin S, Karube F, Kisvarday ZF, Lambolez B, Lewis DA, Marin O, Markram H, Muñoz A, Packer A, Petersen CCH, Rockland KS, Rossier J, Rudy B, Somogyi P, Staiger JF, Tamas G, Thomson AM, Toledo-Rodriguez M, Wang Y, West DC, Yuste R (2008) Petilla terminology: nomenclature of features of GABAergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex. Nat Rev Neurosci 9:557-566.


 * Agid Y, Buzsáki G, Diamond DM, Frackowiak R, Giedd J, Girault  J-A, Grace A, Lambert J, Manji H, Mayberg H, Popoli M, Prochiantz A, Richter-Levin G,  Somogyi P,  Spedding M, Svenningsson P, Weinberger D  (2007) How can drug discovery for psychiatric disorders be improved? Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 6:189-201.


 * Somogyi P & Klausberger T (2005) Defined types of cortical interneuron structure space and spike timing in the hippocampus. J. Physiol. 562:9-26.


 * Somogyi P, Tamas G, Lujan R, Buhl EH (1998) Salient features of synaptic organisation in the cerebral cortex. Brain Res Rev 26:113-135.

Somogyi P, Nusser Z, Roberts JDB, Lujan R (1998) Precision and variability in the placement of pre- and postsynaptic receptors in relation to neurotransmitter release sites. In: Faber DS, Korn H, Redman SJ, Thompson SM, Altman JS (eds) Central Synapses: Quantal Mechanisms and Plasticity. Human Frontier Science Program Workshop IV. pp.82-93.

Paulsen O, Buhl EH, Heggelund P, Somogyi P, Stricker C, Tamas G (1998) The importance of independent estimates of quantal parameters. In: Faber DS, Korn H, Redman SJ, Thompson SM, Altman JS (eds) Central Synapses: Quantal Mechanisms and Plasticity. Human Frontier Science Program Workshop IV. pp. 47-55.


 * Nusser Z, Somogyi P (1997) Compartmentalised distribution of GABAA and glutamate receptors in relation to transmitter release sites on the surface of cerebellar neurones.  In:  de Zeeuw CI, Strata P, Voogd (eds) Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 114, The Cerebellum:  From Structure to Control.  Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam, pp 109-127.

Somogyi P (1994) The order in synaptic circuits of the cerebral cortex: Lessons from the hippocampus. In: Albowitz B, Albus K, Kuhnt U, Nothdurft H-Ch, Wahle P (eds) Structural and Functional Organization of the Neocortex. Proceedings of a Symposium in Memory of Otto D Creutzfeldt. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp 148-161.

Somogyi P (1993) The GABAergic synapse in neuronal circuits of the brain. Neuroscience Facts 4:5-6.

Somogyi P (1992) Guide to the Anatomy of the Brain: Neuron. In: Squire LR (ed) Encyclopedia of Learning and Memory. Macmillan Publ Comp, New York, pp 219-225.

Somogyi P (1991) Molecular neuroanatomy of synapses, cells and systems in the brain. In: Calas A, Eugene D (eds) Neurocytochemical Methods, NATO ASI Series. Series H: Cell Biology. Springer-Verlag, pp 117-135.

Chalmers J, Badoer E, Morilak D, Drolet G, Minson JB, Llewellyn-Smith IJ, Somogyi P, Kapoor V, Pilowsky P (1991) Afferent inputs to ventrolateral medulla. In: Kunos G, Ciriello J (eds) Central Neural Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Regulation. Birkhauser, pp 3-13. Antal M, Buzsaki G, Czeh G, Gaal G, Gulyas B, Horvath Z, Jakab R, Kabai P, Kiss J, Kocsis B, Komoly S, Kovach J, Lendvay J, Leranth C,

Mezey E, Molnar Z, Seregi A, Soltesz I, Somogyi P, Toth T, Urban L, Vadasz C (1991) The path forward in Hungarian neuroscience. Trends Neurosci 14:185-187.


 * Somogyi P (1990) Synaptic connections of neurones identified by Golgi impregnation: Characterization by immunocytochemical, enzyme histochemical, and degeneration methods. J Electron Micro Tech 15:332-351.

Somogyi P, Freund TF (1989) Immunocytochemistry and synaptic relationships of physiologically characterized, HRP-filled neurons. In:

Heimer L, Zaborszky L (eds) Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Methods II: Recent Progress. Plenum Publishing Corporation, pp 239-264. Freund TF, Somogyi P (1989) Synaptic relationships of Golgi impregnated neurons as identified by electrophysiological or immunocytochemical techniques. In: Heimer L, Zaborszky L (eds) Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Methods. II: Recent Progress. Plenum Publishing Corporation, pp 201-238.
 * Somogyi P (1989) Synaptic organisation of GABAergic neurons and GABAA receptors in the lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex. In: Lam DK-T, Gilbert CD (eds) Neural Mechanisms of Visual Perception. Proc Retina Res Found Symp. Portfolio Publ, pp 35-62.

Gilbert CD, Bourgeois J-P, Eckhorn R, Goldman-Rakic PS, Jones EG, Kruger J, Luhmann HJ, Lund JS, Orban GA, Prince DA, Sillito AM, Somogyi P, Toyama K, van Essen DC (1988) Group Report: Neuronal and synaptic organization in the cortex. In: Rakic P, Singer W (eds.) Neurobiology of Neocortex. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp 219-240.


 * Somogyi P (1988) Immunocytochemical demonstration of GABA in physiologically characterized, HRP-filled neurons and their postsynaptic targets. In: van Leeuwen FW, Buijs RM, Pool CW, Pach O (eds) Molecular Neuroanatomy. Techniques in the Behavioral and Neural Sciences. Elsevier, pp 339-359.

Somogyi P (1987) Synaptic organization and transmitters of intracortical circuits. In: Soc. Neurosci Short Course, Cortical Mechanisms. New Orleans, pp 37-53.

Freund TF, Somogyi P (1987) Immunocytochemical and histochemical characterization of neurons identified by Golgi impregnation. Molecular Neuroanatomy Course Meeting. Netherlands Institute for Brain Research,


 * Somogyi P, Martin KAC (1985) Cortical circuitry underlying inhibitory processes in cat area 17. In: Rose D, Dobson VG (eds) Models of the Visual Cortex. John Wiley & Sons, pp 514-523.


 * Martin KAC, Somogyi P (1985) Local excitatory circuits in area 17 of the cat. In: Rose D, Dobson VG (eds) Models of the Visual Cortex. John Wiley & Sons, pp 504-513.


 * Somogyi P, Cowey A (1984) Double bouquet cells. In: Peters A, Jones EG (eds) Cerebral Cortex. Cellular components of the Cerebral Cortex. Plenum Press, pp 337-360.

Smith AD, Bolam JP, Somogyi P (1981) An approach to the identification of neurotransmitters in characterized synapses of complex neuronal networks: application to the basal ganglia of the rat. In: Stjarne L, Hedquist P, Lagercrantz J (eds) Chemical Neurotransmission. 75 Years. Academic Press, pp 463-480.

Cuello AC, Del Fiacco M, Paxinos G, Somogyi P, Priestley JV (1981) Neuropeptides in striato-nigral pathways. J Neurol Trans 51:83-96.

(*peer reviewed)

Scial and political views and activity
Peter Somogyi is committed to promoting gender equality, intellectual freedom, as well as the well-being of early career researchers