User:Sonostics

Vibromyography

Muscle sounds were first described in print by the Jesuit scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi in a posthumous publication of 1665.

Grimaldi, Francesco Maria (1665). Physico-mathesis de lumine, coloribus, et iride, aliisque adnexis libri duo. Bologna. pp. 383

That treatise influenced the work of the English physician William Hyde Wollaston and the German scientist Paul Erman.

Wollaston, WH (1810). "On the duration of muscle action". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Erman, P (1812). "Einige Bemerkungen uber Muscular-Contraction". Annalen der Physik

The latter enlisted the aid of Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec. Mechanical amplification was first employed by von Helmholtz. The past two centuries of repeated rediscovery and neglect of the phenomenon were summarised by Stokes and Blythe in 2001.

Stokes, Maria; Blythe, Max (2001). Muscle Sounds in physiology, sports science and clinical investigation. Oxford: Medintel. ISBN 0-9540572-0-1.