User:Sop8hia/sandbox

Our group (Lorenzo, Areidy, Sophia, and Meghna) want to edit the Carbon Capture and Storage page. Specifically we will be researching and updating section 7 (Example CCS Projects). This list is outdated and missing projects. We will definitely add the Gorgon, Quest, Weyburn, Petra Nova, and White Rose projects as well as any others that we deem fit to be edited with the given time limit. Furthermore, to avoid making the article longer than it needs to be, larger projects will be linked to its own Wikipedia page that we create. I specifically will edit White Rose as well as contribute to one additional CCS Project Wikipedia page.

Suggested CCS Projects Edits
The following are two CCS projects that are stalled or ongoing that will be added to the CCS page.

Overview
The White Rose Carbon Capture and Storage project is a proposed oxy-fuel coal-fired power plant near the Drax power station in North Yorkshire, United Kingdom. It was proposed in 2012 by Capture Power Limited (in partnership with National Grid). This project would have been the first coal-fired power plant to demonstrate the use of oxy-fuel technology for low-carbon electricity at a competitive cost. The proposed 426 MW plant was expected to send 2 Mt CO2/year to an offshore saline aquifer, achieving 90% capture. Due to the cancellation of key subsidies and withdrawal of major commercial investments, the White Rose Carbon Capture and Storage project appears to have stalled, with no new updates on the project since 2016.

History
During the early 2010’s, there was interest in the White Rose project taking part of the new governmental subsidies, most especially the CCS Commercialisation Programme and the EU New Entrant Reserve (NER) 300, both of which aimed at funding low-carbon energy projects to scale commercially. In 2014, the CCS Commercialisation Programme awarded the White Rose project with a 2-year Front End Engineering Design (FEED) Programme contract, which would finalize the engineering and financials of the project Also at this time, the White Rose project also received EUR 300 million from the European Commission. However, in November 2015, six months before the funding was supposed to be received, the UK government announced the end of the CCS commercialization Programme due to the UK Treasury’s concerns of high consumer costs and taxpayer money funding CCS before it reached its cost-efficiency. The Treasury cites the fact that no examples of the technology working after attempting to fund the idea in 2011 and in 2012. Unfortunately, since the cancellation, there have been no new updates from the White Rose project, even though the operation was expected to start in 2020.

Industrial Collaborations
Capture Power Limited is composed of three major European companies: Alstom, Drax Group, and The BOC Group. Due to reduced renewable energy subsidies from the UK government, Drax announced the withdrawal of its investments to begin after the Front End Engineering Design (FEED) studies were completed in 2015, but promised to continue providing land as well as site services and infrastructure. The BOC Group would be responsible for the delivery and maintenance of the air separation unit for the coal-fired power plant. Finally, National Grid would construct the carbon capture pipeline and storage facilities in a collaborate effort to provide infrastructure for surrounding carbon capture projects.

Overview
The Alberta Carbon Trunk Line (ACTL) is a 240 km pipeline in its construction stages that will collect excess CO2 from Alberta, Canada’s Industrial Heartland and transport it to various oil reservoirs around Alberta, Canada for enhanced oil recovery applications. Pioneered by Enhance Energy Inc., the ACTL will source its CO2 from a fertilizer manufacturing plant in Redwater, AL, and the North West Redwater Partnership bitumen upgrading plant using gasification. It will initially funnel the collected CO2 to Clive, AL, a field discovered in the 1950s and currently produces about 300 barrels per day.

Expected Specifications of Captured CO2
The ACTL is expected to be the world’s largest carbon capture and storage project. It will store 14.6 million tonnes of CO2 per year, six times more than the Weyburn project in Saskatchewan. Initially, the project should collect and transport 4,600 - 5,100 tonnes of CO2 per day and is expected to expand to 40,000 tonnes of CO2 per day.

Timeline
Plans for the ACTL began in 2004, but were put on hold due to the Great Recession in 2008. However, the ACTL was restarted after the recession with a license for construction and operation issued in April 2011. The ACTL was originally planned to start production in 2013, and delayed to 2015, and then finally delayed further. The pipeline is currently in its final stage of production as of November 2016. The ACTL has planned for CO2 injection to begin in early 2018.

Economics
The project has been estimated to cost CAN$1.2 billion but will find approximately CAN$558 million from several energy funds and carbon capture technology initiatives. Over 15 years, the Alberta province will be funding the project with CAN$495 million from the Alberta CCS Fund. The Canadian government is giving a total of CAN$63 million: CAN$30 million from the Clean Energy Fund and CAN$33 million from ecoENERGY Technology Initiative.